6-128-17 SCHRAMM ET AL control of energy generation, distribution and emission of heating, cooling and ventilation) [3]. With 36 % natural gas represents the highest share of total final energy consumption in buildings [1]. CO2 emissions from space and water heating are responsible for 94 % of the total emissions by end-use in 2013 (see Figure 1 and 2). This makes investments that can reduce the demand for space, hot water, ventilation and cooling critical for the achievement of the EU energy and climate goals, especially for buildings heated by gas which will remain the case for the majority of the EU building stock in the near future. At EU level, the average annual specific consumption per m² for all types of residential buildings (in total app. 19,6 billion m²) was around 180 kWh/m² in 2013, while non-residential buildings (in total app. 6,9 billion m²) are on average 40 % more energy intensive than residential buildings (250 kWh/m² compared to 180 kWh/m²) [2]. As there is currently a lack of trust and lack of data on savings potential from the optimization of technical building systems, a new, independent research on EU aggregated GHG emission and primary energy saving potentials has been initiated2. The study presents a systematic analysis of technologies that optimize technical building systems installed in Europe’s building stock, and quantifies the benefits of upgrading such systems to two scenarios in eight different reference cases, representing typical European situations for energy supply and envelope characteristics in Europe’s buildings. The savings of the eight reference cases are then extrapolated at EU 28 level. It shows the effects of fast and addressable improvements based on existing technologies and combinations of systems across the EU assuming that 3.6 % of Technical Building Systems are upgraded per year. This corresponds to the annual renovation rate of heat generators (mostly boilers), meaning that by 2030, half of the existing buildings would have optimized their technical building systems3. Methodology The results shared within this technical paper are based on two methodologies. The first methodology analyzes the savings that can be achieved by optimization of existing building systems in different types of buildings. In a first step, eight reference buildings (four residential and four non-residential) with their respective heating, cooling, hot water, ventilation and lighting specifications are defined. Then, optimization measures and packages regarding the aspects mentioned within Art. 8 EPBD (appropriate dimensioning, proper installation, adjustments, and automation, control and monitoring systems) are developed (step 2) followed by norm conform calculations of their saving potentials (step 3). In order to ensure that the calculated savings can be attributed to the optimization of the technical building system (TBS), independent of the heat generator, the saving potential of each improvement measure is calculated per case assuming that the building already has a new high efficient heat generator. Therefore, all savings shared within this technical pa- 2. ECOFYS, 2017 [3]. 3. ECOFYS, 2017 [3]. 6. BUILDINGS POLICIES, DIRECTIVES AND PROGRAMMES Figure 1 and 2. EU residential and non-residential Buildings – Total final energy consumption and emissions by end-use [1]; *variation between 1 to 5 %. per, do not include any savings linked to an exchange of the heat generator. The energy demand calculation for each reference case and every measure took into account national climate data and normative reference calculation parameters according to EN 15232 and EN 15316 for the EPBD aspect automation, control and monitoring systems and DIN V 18599 for the aspects appropriate dimensioning, proper installation, and adjustment. The DIN V 18599 ensures the CEN-EPBD conformity. The second methodology estimate an order of magnitude of CO2 emissions and primary energy reductions that would result from aggregating the reductions calculated for the optimization of technical building systems of the reference buildings to the EU level. The effects on EU level in 2030, including investment costs and the energy cost savings, are calculated for two different scenarios (“get the basics right”, and “high performance”). The get the basics right package for residential buildings includes measures regarding appropriate dimensioning (of space heating and hot water circulation pumps), proper installation (concerning a higher insulation level of the space heating and hot water pipework), adjustments (such as night setbacks for space heating and hot water) and control (automatic hydronic balancing and installation of modern thermostatic valves). Further automation, control and monitoring systems are not included in the package. The high-performance package for residential buildings include measures of the get the basic right package regarding appropriate dimensioning, proper installation (with even better insulation levels) and adjustments. Automation, control and monitoring systems are included in the high-performance package (e.g. boiler use weather compensation, pump optimization, and the 1342 ECEEE 2017 SUMMER STUDY – CONSUMPTION, EFFICIENCY & LIMITS Contents Keywords Authors
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