http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/RSS.ashxRefrigeration and Air Conditioning PagesMon, 09 Jul 2007 17:28:06 +0200http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=1http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=12007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=2http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=2Who in the world thinks athletes arent the only ones who deserve personal trainers Success depends on your ability to stay a step ahead ofthe competition. You have to be faster, smarter and more efcient than the next guy. And nobody knows that better than Ken Fonstad. Hes part of the Danfoss Global Training Team. Whether hes in the eld, in the classroom, or holding court in real time on the Web, he helps customers lower energy costs and boost productivity. His passion for teaching is surpassed only by a thorough knowledge of Danfoss systems and controls. With experienced professionals like Ken by your side, falling behind is not an option. Please visit us at www. northamerica. danfoss. comto see how thorough training can help you be more productive. Who in your world provides worldclass training to keep you on top We do. Controls Compressors Condensing Units Gear Motors Adjustable Frequency Drives Valves Controllers Oil Pumps Thermostats Ken Fonstad, training manager Danfoss Dependable. 2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=3http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=3Vol. 2 Issue11Danfoss Dependable. CONTENTS Spring 2003 W e are excited to be entering our third year of publication with Solutions. Feedback about the magazine has been positive, and we continue to bring news about products and applications in Refrigeration Air Conditioning, Motion Controls, Heating and Water industries. We always tie our content to themes that are important to our readers, and in this issue we feature articles about Health Safety. As always, please feel free to contact us if you have any questions, comments, or suggestions. THE EDITORS, solutionsdanfoss. com www. northamerica. danfoss. com Safety and Health Measures Make Our Lives Better . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Industrys Role in Food Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 HACCP Standards for Food Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Indoor Air Quality Affects Hospitals Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Dallass Flying Red Pegasus Soars Again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Ammonia It Smells Like a Safety Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Less Lead in Drinking Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Alarm Monitoring Critical to Food Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Digging Deep for the Fuel We Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Product News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Jeff Duncan North America Motion Controls Division Nick Farrara Danfoss Flomatic Corporation Jennifer Hutchins Corporate Communications Division Aneta Stephens North America Heating Division Lisa Tryson North America Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Division DANFOSS SOLUTIONSis published for the benet of Danfoss customers. Information in the DANFOSS SOLUTIONS may be republished only with permission of editorial and always with credit to DANFOSS SOLUTIONS. Comments, suggestions, and contributions are welcome. This publication should not take the place of appropriate technical or legal advice related to companyspecic circumstances. DANFOSS SOLUTIONSdoes not assume any liability of any kind whatsoever for the use or reliance upon the information contained in this publication. Design by Arista Advertising, Inc. www. Arista Advertising. com Safety and Health Measures Make Our Lives Better People are searching for ways to live healthier, safer lives. 2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=4http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=4Vol. 2 Issue1 COVER STORY2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=5http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=5Vol. 2 Issue13Danfoss Dependable. AMERICANS CONCERN FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY BEGAN TO INCREASE LONG BEFORE CURRENT SECURITY ISSUES AROSE. PEOPLE ARE CONSTANTLY SEARCHING FOR WAYS TO LIVE HEALTHIER, SAFER LIVES. SAFETYHEALTH hink of a time before people buckled up, wore bicycle helmets, or learned how to avoid spreading bacteria. The more educated we become about causes of illness and injury, the more capable we are of preventing them. In the workplace, for example, efforts to reduce hazards have sent injuries and illnesses on a steady decline, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The injury rate for 2001 was the lowest since the Bureau began reporting such information in the early 1970s. This is partly due to efforts of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA, which sets up and enforces protective standards in all types of workplaces, from construction sites and factories to professional ofces. Today, employers not only face increased regulatory pressure, but also are more conscious of the impact health risks have on worker productivity and wellbeing. The summer 2002 issue of Solutions, featured a North Carolinabased brick manufacturer that installed a new system to reduce worker injury and fatigue. In that case, robotics with adjustable frequency drive technology replaced traditional manual processes, with the twofold benefit of increasing efficiency and enhancing the work environment for employees. It is just one more example of how protecting workers health is good for business. In the interest of business and employee health, the ofcial Danfoss Environmental Policy states a commitment to arranging the working environment to consistently optimize safety. The entire organization worldwide goes to great lengths, including extensive education and safety initiatives to strive for clean and safe workplaces at all of its international manufacturing and sales facilities. End products are also made with quality of life in mind, as part of the companys overall dedication to responsible business practices. Danfoss is hardly alone in striving to improve the health and safety of its employees. The industries Danfoss serves also strive for the highest safety standards in their workplaces. In many cases this leads to partnerships to raise safety levels in customer facilities, whether by improving industrial processes in manufacturing, enhancing air quality in hospitals, ensuring proper food storage, or other applications. SOLUTIONSHEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUE T MEASURES MAKE OUR LIVES BETTER2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=6http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=6Vol. 2 Issue1 INDUSTRYS ROLE IN FOOD ood safety is an area of major public concern. It seems almost every day there are new media reports of risks in the products we con sume. At the same time, education and technology continue to improve food product safety. Responding partly to specic food recalls and reports about foodborne illnesses, the government has worked to develop better national food safety programs. A few years ago, The Food and Drug Administration instituted a new seven point system known as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, or HACCP, which was originally developed for astronauts and is now applied to con sumer food products. HACCP was put in place due to new challenges, such as the increasing number of food pathogens like Escherichia coliand Salmonella enteritidis, the growing diversity of food products and processes, and an increase in imported foods. The principles have been enacted in the juice and seafood industries, and the FDA is considering developing HACCP standards throughout other areas of the food industry. Industry plays a major role in growing, harvesting, storing and distributing healthful comestibles, which means industrial and commercial refrigeration comprise an essential part of preserving food and preventing harmful bacteria. As part of this, its critical that foods are kept at the right temperatures, from farm and orchard to table. Bacteria that affect food grow rapidly in temperatures between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit. This includes harmful pathogenic bacteria, which causes foodborne illness and spoilage bacteria, thereby causing food to deteriorate until it smells or tastes bad. To stem bacteria growth, industrial and commercial refrigeration systems have become more sophisticated, with such features as advanced controls for industrial cooling and individually controlled and . . . its critical that foods are kept at the right temperatures, from farm or orchard to table. Finding healthier, safer ways F Industrial and commercial refrigeration comprise an essential part of preserving food and preventing harmful bacteria. 4Danfoss Dependable. Vol. 2 Issue12007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=7http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=75Danfoss Dependable. monitored refrigeration cases and racks in supermarkets. The Summer 2002 issue of Solutionsfeatured an article that explains why refrigerated transportation is another essential step in keeping perishable foods safe, since much of what we consume trav els long distances. This issue also con tains features about refrigerations role in health. Water also impacts food safety. Not only do we drink water daily, but it also is used in food production, pro cessing, and preparation. Its impor tant that water that touches our food is free of harmful bacteria or toxins. The Pollution Control Act Amendments, known as the Clean Water Act, set up regulations for discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States. Danfoss is a pioneer in creating technologies to improve water supply and water treatment processes. As new health concerns arise and others are abolished, technology in our industries will continue to play its part in nding healthier, safer ways of doing things. Danfoss Dependable. Vol. 2 Issue15Danfoss Dependable. SAFETY of doing things Principle 1 Conduct a hazard analysis. Plants determine the food safety hazards and identify the preventive measures the plant can apply to control these hazards. Principle 2 Identify critical control points. A critical control point CCP is a point, step, or procedure in a food process at which control can be applied and, as a result, a food safety hazard can be prevented, eliminated, or reduced to an acceptable level. A food safety hazard is any biological, chemical, or physical property that may cause a food to be unsafe for human consumption. Principle 3 Establish critical limits for each critical control point. A critical limit is the maximum or minimum value to which a physical, biological, or chemical hazard must be controlled at a critical control point to prevent, eliminate, or reduce to an acceptable level. Principle 4 Establish critical control point monitoring requirements. Monitoring activities are necessary to ensure that the process is under control at each critical control point. FSIS is requiring that each monitoring procedure and its frequency be listed in the HACCP plan. Principle 5 Establish corrective actions. These are actions to be taken when monitoring indicates a deviation from an established critical limit. The nal rule requires a plants HACCP plan to identify the corrective actions to be taken if a critical limit is not met. Corrective actions are intended to ensure that no product injurious to health or otherwise adulterated as a result of the deviation enters commerce. Principle 6 Establish procedures for verifying the HACCP system is working as intended. Validation ensures that the plans do what they were designed to do that is, they are successful in ensuring the production of safe product. Plants will be required to validate their own HACCP plans. FSIS will not approve HACCP plans in advance, but will review them for conformance with the nal rule. Verication ensures the HACCP plan is adequate, that is, working as intended. Verication procedures may include such activities as review of HACCP plans, CCP records, critical limits and microbial sampling and analysis. FSIS is requiring that the HACCP plan include verication tasks to be performed by plant personnel. Verication tasks would also be performed by FSIS inspectors. Both FSIS and industry will undertake microbial testing as one of several verication activities. Principle 7 Establish record keeping procedures. The HACCP regulation requires that all plants maintain certain documents, including its hazard analysis and written HACCP plan, and records documenting the monitoring of critical control points, critical limits, verication activities, and the handling of processing deviations. From the Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of HACCP Standards for Food Safety HACCP standards for food safety include seven principles, one of which is identifying critical con2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=8http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=8MOTION CONTROLS Affects Hospitals Health comfortable temperature, to have proper ventilation to minimize airborne infection exposure to patients and staff, and to diminish the airborne microbes due to the high density of people in a hospital. Hospitals are in operation 24 hours a day, which means its critical the HVAC systems do not fail causing patient discomfort or added risk of contamination. Drives Help Ensure Air Quality HVAC systems with Danfoss Graham VLT 6000 adjustable frequency drives are successfully implemented in hospitals throughout the country for both new and retrot installations. The inclusion of drives in the air handling system provides many benets through improved comfort, higher reliability, and increased air quality. One important aspect of running a hospital facility with both patient safety and efciency in mind is to ensure that the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning HVAC system allows for the best possible air quality while at the same time conserving energy. These two goals can go hand in hand. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has deemed Indoor Air Quality one of the most important environmental health problems. The hospital is one type of building where this concern is of utmost importance. Whether a hospital is in an aging building or a brandnew facility, it should implement or improve HVAC systems that meet the highest indoor air quality standards. Indoor environment in healthcare settings is critical for several reasons It is necessary to obtain the most IInnddoooorr AAiirr 6Danfoss Dependable. Vol. 2 Issue12007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=9http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=9Vol. 2 Issue17Danfoss Dependable. Hospitals are places to heal. They also are large organizations that must run smoothly in order to provide the best patient care. Helping Buildings Get Smarter hospitals bills and the costs of health care. To reduce costs in health care settings, HVAC systems with adjustable frequency drives ensure stable temperature and humidity levels, regardless of outdoor climate. This is done by providing innitely variable speed control of the motors and allowing the fans to operate at peak efciency, cycling motors according to load, and eliminating highmaintenance variable pitch fans. An added benet to implementing efcient HVAC systems is the positive environmental impact. Hospitals spend nearly 3 billion a year on electricity. Reducing those costs by 30 percent, a reasonable goal, would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 11 million tons. The drives can replace the traditional mechanical methods of control, such as dampers and valves thus reducing noise levels while increasing control of the airow to enhance comfort. Elimination of mechanical components increases overall system reliability to make sure the indoor temperature control and ventilation system runs smoothly and continuously. The improvement in the overall system response and control also allows for more accurate management of the air which will contribute directly to improving the overall air quality. Smart Resource Use Energy costs can represent up to eight percent of a hospitals operating expenses. Reducing demand for highcost energy through system improvementscan have a major impact on a QQuuaalliittyy2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=10http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=10MOTION CONTROLSMOTION CONTROLS P erched atop a replicated oil derrick frame on the Magnolia Hotel is a neontrimmed Pegasus sign that has graced the Dallas skyline since 1934. The Red Flying Horse is a beloved icon to Texans and an art deco treasure on the National Historic Register. But for decades the winged horse had been left damaged and motionless, until community fundraisers and a dedicated team of experts returned it to its former glory and alleviated the safety hazards it posed. Putting the horse back on the move was one of many technical and logistical challenges in the Pegasus Project. To safely rotate the 8, 000pound sign, engineers designed an electronically controlled rotation system equipped with Danfoss adjustable frequency drive technology. This system was an important part of bringing the horse back to life. The Pegasus means a great deal to the people of Dallas, says Warren Casteel, owner of architectural signage company Casteel Associates, Inc. , which was commissioned to manage the project. We needed to uphold historical accuracy in every single detail. Through the whole process, the media and the public were watching. In 1934, Magnolia Petroleum Company, now Mobil Oil, built the doublesided Pegasus sign on what was, at the time, the company headquarters. When it was built in 1922, the Beaux Artsstyle building, designed by architect Alfred Blossom, was the tallest building in North America, west of the Mississippi and south of Washington D. C. The mythological ying horse was Magnolias corporate logo and is still used by Mobil Oil Company today. The colorful sign was erected for the American Petroleum Institutes Annual meeting, and soon became an unofcial but beloved symbol for the city of Dallas. As soon as the sign started operating it became apparent that the forces working on it caused by the wind was going to require constant maintenance. The original design consisted of a large DC motor driving the signs shaft through sprockets and chain. The life expectancy of the drive chain was measured in weeks, and to avoid breakage and the potential for the sign to spin freely in the wind, routine replacement of the chain took place every two weeks. By the late 1950s, the constant maintenance cost was deemed excessive and eventually the sign was turned off and bolted in place. The Pegasus became a rusted, motionless version of its former glory. Dallass Flying Red 8Danfoss Dependable. Vol. 2 Issue12007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=11http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=11Vol. 2 Issue19Danfoss Dependable. 9Danfoss Dependable. By then, Mobil had moved its head quarters to another facility and sold the building and the Pegasus sign to the City of Dallas. The Pegasus had spent more than two decades in that fixed position 29 stories off the ground, and was being battered by weather and time. It also was shedding rust, which posed a hazard to the environs, including a pedestrian area, below. A tall order In the 1990s, developers decided to renovate the building and turn it into an upscale hotel. In 1998, a group of patrons and corporate sponsors formed Dallas Civic Ventures and raised enough money to restore the Pegasus horse sign. Throughout the city there was great anticipation to see the icon revived. The Central Dallas Association turned to Casteel to get the job done. We gathered together people with many different types of expertise, he says. Every person who worked on it really wanted to do it right. The team included, among others, steel work and painting specialists, power transmission and motor control experts, computer programmers, crane operators and a helicopter pilot. All work on the derrick structure and disassembling and reassembling of the horse took place on the rooftop 400 feet off the ground. This involved installing a 40foot telescopic boom crane on the roof of the building to bring up materials. The installation of the crane was carried out by a highly skilled helicopter pilot who lifted and positioned the components to the top of the building while Casteels men bolted it into place. Its a whole different perspective to work this far off the ground, says Casteel. With the build ing renovation going on below and the media coming up to see our progress, it sometimes got pretty hectic. The tower structure and the basic sign framework were in good enough shape for restoration, but the sign itself was so deteriorated it had to be taken down and recreated. Although from the ground it looks like one horse, the sign actually consists of two at 30by40foot panels, with an internal steel structure separating them by about 10 feet. Each panel is Pegasus Soars Again A Danfoss VLT 5000 Series adjustable frequency drive was selected to control the rotation of a Dallas landmark. made up of multiple sheets of die cut 16 gauge steel to produce the silhouette of the Pegasus. Casteel had new steel sign panels recreated by using the originals as a template, then coated with porcelain and trimmed with a quarter mile of neon tubing. All of it was accurate down to the smallest historical detail. The new sign is exactly like the old sign, he says. The signs steel framework is sup ported by a central drive shaft that consists of two contiguous drive shafts equipped with special designed couplings and bearings to allow for drive shaft windup and twisting. Another critical mechanical compo nent of the design is the pneumatic brakes that are used to hold the sign stationary when necessary. True to the restoration mission, some parts of the structure were recreated simply for historical purposes and not for practi cal reasons. The original derrick designed framework was repaired and coated to prevent rust. Back in the saddle One big hurdle for the project had existed from the rst day the sign was turned on in 1934. Since the sign and framework was constructed of two large at panels equaling approximately To create a system that would be both reliable and require minimum attention, it was decided to completely update the rotation drive system. 2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=12http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=122000 square feet, in essence it is a large boxkite in the wind which was the cause of the frequent chain maintenance schedule. Another wrinkle is the fact that no longer was the Magnolia building the tallest in the west and is now surrounded by skyscrapers signicantly larger than it, which alter wind patterns. No longer would the wind simply blow from one direction the large structures create constantly swirling wind patterns that increase the forces on the Pegasus. To create a system that would be both reliable and require minimum attention, it was decided to completely update the rotation drive system. Casteel called in motion control specialist Chad Michaelis, who worked for the local Danfoss distributor and presented him with the challenge. I knew we could redesign the motor system so the whole thing would operate electronically, Michaelis says. The concerns were more than aesthetic if the horse were to rotate during highwinds, or got caught in a strong gust at the wrong angle, it could potentially spin out or blow over, resulting in a dangerous situa tion. Weve seen some extremely high winds up there, adds Michaelis. The rotational drive train consists of a 5HP, AC motor driving a 15001 gearbox which when running results in a rotational speed of 1. 1RPM. The setup also includes a wind monitoring system on the roof with an anemometer to gauge wind speed from 0 to 110 mph and detect wind direction. A Danfoss VLT 5000 Series adjustable frequency drive with a Sync Pos synchronizing positioning Option was selected to control the signs rotation. The rooftop anemometer produces a 420m A signal, which is fed to the Danfoss VLT 5000 units Sync Pos Option for monitoring. The Sync Pos Option has been programmed to control both the motor speed and the activation of the pneumatic brakes. When winds exceed 20 mph, the Danfoss VLT 5000 decelerates the motor to zero speed, and once stopped, the VLT signals the brake controller to engage the holding brakes on the sign. The Sync Pos Option continues to monitor the wind speed, and only after a 9minute period of sustained average wind speed of less than 15mph, will the brakes be released and motor re started. The control design also includes manual and blackout modes to override the system in the event of periodic inspections or power failure. We spent days up on that roof taking velocity readings to decide the right threshold, says Michaelis. We had to make sure that the horse was rotating as much as possible, but standing still when the wind speeds were excessive. The structural mechanics with exible shaft couplings are designed to handle rotation changes and diminish shearing. It was, to say the least, tricky to develop the electronic control system in a building with an historic infra structure. At one point in their search to alleviate electrical control noise issues, the team discovered that there was not sufcient electrical ground for the controls and traced the problem all the way down to the 21st oor. Once the glitches were worked out, the system went smoothly into operation. Since we nished the project, it has not required our attention at all, says Michaelis. Things operate quite well up there. He adds that the Danfoss system has additional capabilities already in place that havent been utilized yet, such as the capability for remote system monitoring or exact positioning of the sign in its 360 degree rotation. The results of the 700, 000 project were unveiled at the Dallas Millennium Celebration on December 31, 1999. A group of people waited for the moment on the roof with the mayor and the television crews. The whole city was watching, says Casteel. In the control station we listened for the countdown signal and at midnight we ipped the switch. The horse glowed and rotated and reworks went off. It was an exciting event for Dallas. Warren Casteel, Owner of Casteel Associates on the roof of the Magnolia Hotel building. VLT 5000P with Sync Pos Option in the control room of the Magn2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=13http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=13Vol. 2 Issue111Danfoss Dependable. A lmost everyone has experi enced the sharp, pungent odor of ammonia. Its the active ingredient in common glass cleaning solutions, bath and sickroom cleaners, and in more concentrated form, a stimulating sniff of ammonia can revive the victim of a fainting spell. Ammonia is a naturally occur ring colorless gas with the chemical formula NH3 that is used to manu facture fertilizers, explosives, and plastics. It is plentiful and cheap, and a truly useful compound. For nearly two centuries it also has been used as a refrigerant. Ammonias one drawback is that in quantities much larger than a sniff it is poisonous. It dissolves in water, including the water in our lungs, to form a strong base alkali, ammo nium hydroxide. It is also corrosive. Wherever ammonia is used in bulk, including for refrigeration, careful precautions must be taken to educate and safeguard people in the area. With proper precautions, though, the benets of ammonia are compelling, and so it continues to be the refrigerant of choice for large storage applications. It is inexpensive at about 0. 25 per pound, it is as much as 25 times less expensive that alternative refrigerants, and the price is very stable. Because ammonia is denser than uorinated refrigerants, a comparatively much smaller quantity is needed for a facility of a given size, and piping is smaller. The piping is steel, much less expensive than the copper used for other commercial refrigerants although joining the pipe requires welding rather than less costly brazing used with copper. Ammonias distinctive odor makes it selfalarming when a leak occurs. The most prevalent use of ammonia today is in cold storage warehouses and in dairy and food processing plants. Danfoss is one of the principal suppliers of industrial refrigeration components for these facilities. Sensor alerts reduce dangers In earlier days, because ammonia was cheap, users were not always very aggressive about nding small leaks, which can be a very laborintensive undertaking. Today, however, social sensitivity and strict regulations require a number of proactive meas ures to ensure safety. Some measures are simple. Since ammonia is most dangerous in conned areas, relief valves are piped outside. High tech nology leak detection sensors reveal even the smallest leaks, and tracking devices and sophisticated software track clouds of released ammonia and predict with high accuracy where they will travel. Firemen and other emer gency personnel are trained, wherever ammonia systems exist, in the design of each particular system and in how to vent the refrigerant or pump down the system into a remote storage vessel when there is an emergency. One of the greatest advantages of ammonia as a refrigerant is that it is the only refrigerant commonly used today that is environmentally safe. It quickly recycles itself in the atmos phere. It does not react with our planets ozone layer, so it does not contribute to increased dangerous ultraviolet radiation. And it is not a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. There are dangers inherent in ammonia refrigeration, but they are well com pensated for by safety measures, just as are the dangers in air travel and in other conveniences. Because of the great economic advantages of ammonia, goods and services cost consumers less. For that reason, and for the benign environmental aspects of ammonia, its use will not diminish in the foreseeable future, and its application may well increase. Ammonia It Smells Like a Safety Challenge REFRIGERATION AIRCONDITIONING Regulation and proactive measuresensure ammonia is a safe and efcient refrigerant. 2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=14http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=14Vol. 2 Issue1 HEATING WATER Research has found that drinking water might be the largest source of lead in the human blood stream. Natural lead levels in surface and ground water in the United States are not high less than two parts per bil lion ppb and water leaving the treat ment plant is for the most part relatively free of lead. But accumula tion of lead in the bloodstream occurs during transport from water treatment plants to tap through pipe corrosion and solder containing lead. This means that the very system that brings us our water can leach lead into it as it makes its way to our kitchen tap. The average lead level in tap water is about ten ppb. The Federal Safe Drinking Water Act includes leaching standards that are now contained in American National Standards Institute NSF International Standard 61. Nearly three decades ago, California voters approved an initiative to address their growing concerns about exposure to toxic chemicals. That public initiative became The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, known as Proposition 65. The Act requires the State to publish a list of chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm that are discharged into sources of drinking water, including bodies of water such as surface water or groundwater. That list now contains 750 chemicals and includes lead. Danfoss Flomatic introduced the rst backow preventer valves for water systems that meet the stringent lead leaching requirements of the Act. The RPZE and DCVE Enviro Check valves were tested by the National Sanitary Foundation NSF, an ANSIaccredited certifying laboratory, in accordance to Standard 61 and achieved ve 5 parts per billion ppb or less of lead. These models are the rst backow preventers that meet the new stringent, court approved, lead leaching requirements of California Proposition 65. Less Lead in Drinking Water 12Danfoss Dependable. Vol. 2 Issue1Vol. 2 Issue1 HEATING WATER2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=15http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=15Vol. 2 Issue113Danfoss Dependable. REFRIGERATION AIRCONDITIONING A ccording to the principal food retailing trade association, Food Marketing Institute, Americans spend 398. 2 billion each year at supermarkets for food products. Shoppers have high condence, accord ing to a recent study, that the foods they buy at the supermarket and pre pare in their homes are healthful and safe safer, in their opinion, than foods prepared outside the home. Supermarket operators check incoming products carefully, and they are quick to quarantine and dispose of any foods that show evidence of harmful biologi cal or chemical contamination. Media reports of these catches alert con sumers. The most common reports are of the detection of unhealthy ground beef, poultry, or unpasteurized juices, and of the measures taken to protect food shoppers. Still, foodborne bacteria cause illnesses and even deaths in North America, and to insure consistent diseasefree offerings at supermarkets and other food stores, the Food and Drug Administrations Food Code, and local health regulations, require healthful storage conditions from producer to warehouse to point of sale. Keeping food stored at proper tempera tures is a crucial element in preventing bacteria contamination and spoilage. Supermarkets and other food establish ments are required by FDA regulation to maintain food at or below 41F for the entire period from production to public offering and sale. Temperature alarm monitoring systems have been widely used by supermarkets for many years, and electronic systems have been in place for over 25 years. Refrigerated xtures have sensors to monitor the temperature of the food products they contain. Sensors are con nected to a main control system unit. Users program the controller with set points for case and box operating con ditions. If the case temperature deviates from the setpoint, the main system con troller dials out an alarm to a central ized monitoring service. Recognizing the need to maintain cases at optimum storage conditions, Danfoss established a 24hour alarm monitoring service in 1978. Monitoring technicians receive alarms, log the type, time and duration of the alarm, and notify the stores contact person or maintenance personnel so corrective action can be taken. Together with store personnel or a service contractor, the Danfoss monitoring personnel may also provide fault diagnosis information. An alarm log is a useful tool that can aid in identifying a problem before the store operator experiences unhealthy conditions in xtures, and subsequent costly product loss. With broad experience and a wealth of constantly evolving expertise, Danfoss supplies an extensive range of mechani cal and electronic control and monitor ing products and services to the supermarket industry. The Danfoss m2 is one product specically designed for temperature monitoring to help super markets meet health and food safety requirements. The m2 reads and stores up to sixteen temperature sensors, with expansion to 99 sensors optional. Food retailers use the m2 to record detailed history of xture temperatures for up to one year. Temperature information can be displayed graphically on the units display or a hard copy can be made with an onsite printer. The m2 will also send alarms to a pager or to the Danfoss 24hour monitoring center or other monitoring service. The moni toring center can take action in accor dance with a plan worked out with the store operator. The m2 lls the need for a monitoring system in facilities that are typically too small to warrant a comprehensive dedi cated refrigeration control and moni toring system. Facilities that are ideal for this system include convenience stores, cafeterias, and health facilities, as well as larger stores with a few refrigerated cases for products such as milk, deli products, and ice cream. Alarm Monitoring Critical to Food Safety2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=16http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=16Digging Deep Danfoss Exapproved industrial transmitters measure pressures in severe and potentially explosive environments. Industrial pressure transmitters are available with protection against cavitation and liquid hammering and with plug or cable connections. REFRIGERATION AIRCONDITIONING G etting fuel from the earthis a process crucial to the existence of modern civilization. Even as we seek to rely more on solar, wind, and geothermal energy, and look for improved and safe means of using atomic energy to provide light, heat, and power, we still use coal, natural gas, and petroleum in everlarger quantities. In almost all instances, though, there are substantial risks involved in obtaining fuel, and the process engineering for mining and drilling must answer those risks, many times meeting the challenge with technology. In coal mining, there is constantly a risk of mineshaft collapse in marine oil drilling, storms and the sea are an everpresent danger. But the most insidious risk in either operation is ignition and explosion of highly ammable materials. Fossil fuels are ammable at every stage of production, and can quickly form explosive atmospheres, so equipment that may cause stray voltage or sparks cannot be used. To give engineers and equipment builders condence that safety will always be served rst, the International Electrotechnical Commission has created the new IEC Ex system for certication to standards for safety of elec trical equipment for explosive atmospheres. The new system, embodied in a new ATEX directive, supersedes all previous EU standards on the subject. The basic principles of Ex safety are 1 avoidance of the formation of explosive atmospheres 2 avoidance of ignition of explosive atmospheres and 3 taking steps to reduce the effects of explosions wherever they might occur. The IEC Ex directive denes three zones in areas and applications with explo sion risk. In addition to the zoning, the directive describes explosion groups and temperature classes, types of protection, and a marking protocol. The Ex directive, which will become effective as of July 1, 2003, denes Zone 0 as an area where explosive atmosphere is present continuously, for long periods, or frequently certication of equipment and components used here is manda tory under the directive. Mandatory certication is also necessary for Zone 1, where explosive atmospheres occur only occasionally. Finally, in Zone 2, it is not likely that an explosive atmosphere will occur. Zoning also takes into account the relative danger of ignition. For example, in the case of an offshore 14Danfoss Dependable. Vol. 2 Issue12007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=17http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=17Vol. 2 Issue115Danfoss Dependable. oil platform, where many Danfoss sen sors and valves are used, storage ves sels are classied as Zone 0, the area immediately surrounding pipes that carry ammables are in Zone 1, and the atmosphere surrounding the trans fer operation is Zone 2. There are also explosion groups, which are dependent upon the substances involved. Methane gas is a type I substance in the least dangerous group from there, the danger increases propane, used as fork truck fuel and domestically for cooking and heating is in group IIA ethylene in group IIB, and nally, the most dangerous group, IIC, contains acetylene and hydrogen. Danfoss Exrated MBS pressure trans mitters are certied for use in all atmosphere groups the actual certi cation is Eex ia IIC T6. There are four transmitter types in the Ex family, each of which has been designed to comply with the strictest demands for safety, durability, and measurement reliability. They can be used in all three zones. All of the transmitter types are certied for use in places that are subject to the greatest explosion danger group IIC, and also nd application in the less dangerous atmospheres. These prod ucts are proof against temperatures and moistures, vibration, shock, and electromagnetic interference in addition to their Ex rating. Vital market in todays world The market for explosionrated sensors and controls is a vital one in todays world, as companies seek to have their facilities certied under ISO 14001. Part of that certication is concerned with providing a safe and secure envi ronment for personnel and property. Danfoss is particularly attuned to ISO 14001 compliance every Danfoss manufacturing facility is certied. In addition to pressure transmitters, the Industrial Controls Division offers Exrated temperature sensors of the MBT family and also solenoid coils certied for use in Zone 1 applications, where most transfers of explosive gases and liquids occur. Another important offering is the Danfoss consultation service, which offers discussion and advice on a partnership basis to customers. Danfoss expertise has built up over sixty years of industry experience, and is available to customers in every part of the world through the global Danfoss organization. www. danfoss. comusic for the fuel we need The market for explosionrated sensors and controls is a vital one in todays world. . . HOW DO EXPLOSIONS OCCURAn explosion requires a ammable substance, which might be gas, vapor, mist, or any dust composed of nely divided material. For example, typical explosive atmospheres might contain hydrogen, a petroleum distillate vapor like gasoline, organic solvent vapor like benzene, or toluene, or dust such as is found in coal mines or grain elevators. Some dangerous matter contains its own oxygen, as is the case with commercial explosives such as dynamite and nitroglycerine, while others depend on the oxygen in the breathable atmosphere. The latter can be mundane substances like our dust. Some of the most devastating ignition disasters of the past have occurred in our mills, which now have their own stringent require ments for explosion prevention. 2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=18http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=18PRODUCT NEWS IN ORDER TO EFFICIENTLY SERVE OUR NORTH AMERICAN CUSTOMERS, Danfoss Air Conditioning Refrigeration Division has launched a new, userfriendly web site. The new site, www. acr. danfoss. com, gives users access to product information and selection tools, technical documentation, technical arti cles, and the latest corporate news. The userfriendly structure of the site allows customers to access product specications and data and download the latest technical documenta tion from a live database. Product and documentation pages are catego rized by product line commercial airconditioning refrigeration controls, industrial refrigeration controls, fractional compressors, inte gral compressors, appliance electronic controls, and supermarket refrigeration controls so users can easily navigate and nd informa tion quickly. Site visitors also have access to product selection tools for sizing compressors and condensing units, selecting the correct components based on performance data, and converting units of measure in cluding temperature, pressure, power, energy, and speed. For more information visit us online at www. acr. danfoss. com. MICRO Drives Now Available up to 5HP LOVES PARK, IL VLT MICRO Adjustable Frequency Drives from Danfoss Drives are now available through 5HP for 230 VAC and 460 VAC applications. Ideal for OEMs and panel builders requiring small AC motor control, VLT MICRO drives are available in the 12 to 5 HP range 230 V applications, and 1 to 5 HP range 460 V applications. These lowcost drives provide DC performance from low cost and low maintenance AC motors. They offer easy installation, sophisticated control, excellent relia bility and a small footprint, making them suitable for applications such as conveyors, pumps and fans that require small size and simple functionality. A digital keypaddisplay module comes mounted to the front panel of the drive allowing for simple opera tion. Builtin software saves valuable space, time and money by eliminating additional hardware require ments. Additional features include programmable digital inputs and outputs quiet operation overload current to 150 of rated current for one minute automatic voltage regulation Scurve or linear ramp proles momentary power failure restart parameter lockreset panel or optional DIN rail mount and an optional remote keypad mounting kit, among others. For more information, contact Danfoss Drives 800 4326367 or visit us online at www. namc. danfoss. com. Air Conditioning Refrigeration Division Launches New Website VLTMICRO Drives Now Available through 5HP 16Danfoss Dependable. Vol. 2 Issue12007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=19http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=19PRODUCT NEWS Vol. 2 Issue117Danfoss Dependable. AT THIS YEARS IAHR EXPO IN CHICAGO, Danfoss debuted its offering of type SC compressors for 115V and 230V at 60 Hz, adding 16 new models to its commercial line of fractional horsepower hermetic compressors. Approved for use with R134a and R404A507, these compressors are suited to commercial applications such as vending machines, bottle coolers, ice machines, food and beverage merchan disers, and scientic equipment in all commercial refrigeration temperature ranges. The range of Danfoss SC commercial duty fractional horsepower hermetic compressors now covers 1300 to 3200 Btuh low temp 2588 to 5900 Btuh medium temp and 4730 to 7500 Btuh high temp. Compact, quiet, and with enhanced efciency, SC compressors have US, Canadian, and European approvals. They are produced at the ultramodern Danfoss factory in Flensburg, Germany. Delivery is from the companys headquarters and distribution center in Baltimore. For more information, call 410 9318250. Danfoss Expands Line of SC Compressors These compressors are suited to commercial applications such as vending machines, bottle coolers, ice machines, food and beverage merchandisers, and scientic equipment in all commercial refrigeration temperature ranges. 2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=20http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/ra/solutions/us/solutionsvol212003/?Page=20Exhibitions Training May 2003 FMIMay 46, 2003, Mc Cormick Place, Chicago, IL. For more information www. fmi. org Refrigeration Service Engineers Society Canada 64th Annual Canada Education Conference May 710, 2003, Sheraton Fallsview Hotel Conference Centre, Niagara Falls, Ontario. 8779556255, 9158429199 Car Care May 810, 2003, Las Vegas Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV. NAOHSM National Association of Oil Heating Service Managers May 1822, 2003, Hershey Lodge Convention Center, Hershey, PA. For more information call 8885520900 June 2003 NEFI 30th North American Heating Energy Exposition June 1011, 2003, Hynes Memorial Convention Center, Boston, MA. For more information call 6179241022. AKC Supermarket Electronic System Training June 1012, 2003, Baltimore, MD. For more information call 4109318250 August 2003 Clean 03August 1114, 2003, Las Vegas Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV. For more information contact www. cleanshow. com 21st IIR International Congress of Refrigeration August 1722, 2003, Washington, DC, For more information, contact www. icr2003. org AKC Supermarket Electronic System Training August 1920, 2003, Baltimore, MD. For more information call 4109318250 Series 10002000 Supermarket Electronic Control Training August 21, 2003, Baltimore, MD. For more information call 4109318250 How to Contact Danfoss BALTIMORE, MD 7941 Corporate Drive Baltimore, MD 21236 4109318250 Fax 4109318256 www. acr. danfoss. com, www. danfoss. comusic Refrigeration Air Conditioning Industrial Controls Components for Oil Burners GLENS FALLS, NY Flomatic Corporation 145 Murray Street Glens Falls, NY 12801 5187619797 Fax 5187619798 EMail omaticomatic. com www. omatic. com Water Controls LOVES PARK, IL Danfoss Drives 4401 N. Bell School Road Loves Park, IL 61111 8156398600 Fax 8156398000 www. namc. danfoss. com Drives Industrial Sales MILWAUKEE, WI 8800 W. Bradley Road Milwaukee, WI 53224 4143558800 Fax 4143556117 www. namc. danfoss. com Danfoss Graham HVAC Danfoss Water Wastewater Nessie Water Hydraulics MISSISSAUGA, ONT 7880 Tranmere Drive Mississauga, ON L5S 1L9 Canada 9056766000 Fax 9056760279 www. danfoss. ca Heating Controls Motion Controls SOMERSET, NJ Danfoss Bauer 31 Schoolhouse Road Somerset, NJ 08873 1212 7324698770 Fax 7324698773 www. danfoss. comdrivesus Gearmotors CALENDAR OF EVENTS Please mention that you read about the event in Danfoss Solutions SAFETY ANDHEALTHMEASURESMAKE OUR LIVESBETTERPAGE 2 Todays employers not only face increased regulatory pressure, but also are more conscious of the impact health risks have on worker productivity and wellbeing. 2007-07-09T17:28:06+02:00