http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/RSS.ashxRefrigeration and Air Conditioning PagesWed, 13 Jul 2011 21:34:18 +0200http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=1http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=1maKIng modern lIVIng possIBle SolutionS t r e n d s a n d t o p I c s t h a t I m p a c t I n d u s t r y EnVisioneering SM Integration and Synergy: taking Building efficiency to new heights Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 engIneerIng + energy effIcIency + enVIronment = enVIsIoneerIng2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=2http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=2MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE Empower your solution with Danfoss Variable Speed compressors 200TR Turbocor® Large Commercial Applications Innovation Award AHR Expo 2003 2TR Performer® VSD Residential Applications Innovation Award AHR Expo 2010 20TR Performer® VSD Commercial Applications Innovation Award AHR Expo 2009 2 enVIsIoneerIng solutIons www.danfoss.com www.turbocor.com2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=3http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=3Volume 10 / Issue 2 dear readers, thus far, 2011 has ushered in a host of new concerns – the global impact of natural disasters, where we source and how we utilize energy and what the future of u.s. energy policy might look like with the emergence of the 112th congress. so in this issue, we take a step back (or perhaps it’s a step forward) to dive into what is currently being done to integrate existing technologies into facilities to create synergic relationships with energy efficiency, performance, comfort and, ultimately, cost savings. We’ll examine the latest codes and standards impacting the hVacr industry – those related to high-performance buildings, but also those pertaining to the safe and healthy production of the nation’s food supply. We’ll also take a look at how energy efficiency technology continues to change the way we upgrade existing buildings and catapult new ones to the forefront of innovation. examples include a well-known company – the global real estate services firm Jones lang lasalle – and one of the most recognized places in the united states – las Vegas’ citycenter. this issue will also provide a unique update on a project of partnership that, through the u.s. department of state’s league of green embassies, aided an energy-efficiency makeover at the u.s. ambassador to Belgium’s home in Brussels, Belgium. as always, we welcome your suggestions and feedback on this issue. Visitors learn about danfoss living connect©, a system recently installed at the home of u.s. ambassador to Belgium, howard gutman. story on page 21. Contents / 2 / From the cover 2 / Building stock retrofit: driving energy efficiency against the headwind 8 / codes and standards get tougher, greener / 14 / case studies 14 / never Judge a Book – or a Building – by its cover: 40-year-old commercial structure features cutting-edge, energy-efficient technology 18 / reliability and consistency make danfoss Vlt® drives a sure Bet in las Vegas 21 / history and technology intersect in 230-year-oldambassador residence Lisa tryson, editor solutions@danfoss.com information contained in danfoss EnVisioneering Solutions may be republished only with prior permission of danfoss and always with credit to danfoss envisioneering solutions. comments, suggestions and contributions are always welcome. this publication should not take the place of appropriate technical or legal advice related to company-specific circumstances. danfoss EnVisioneering Solutions does not assume any liability of any kind whatsoever for the use or reliance upon the information contained in this publication. product hIghlIght thIs Issue transitioning to electronic controls for refrigeration units Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 12011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=4http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=4RetRofi d r I V I n g e n e r g y e f f I c I e n c y ag a I n s t t h e h e a d W I n d sudden turmoil in the middle east, together with Japan’s perfect storm of devastating earthquake, tsunami and nuclear reactor crisis, has underscored in bold terms the vulnerability of america’s energy regime. BuIldIng stocK2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=5http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=5t h e g r I d I s g e t t I n g f r a I l , supplies are becoming maxed and policy is largely stalled. All of this is occuring in the wake of an unexpected global financial tsunami that has weakened investment across the board, including in new buildings and new technologies. Japan’s crisis and the new Middle East have dramatically illustrated that the unexpected is always just over the horizon. With respect to energy, we risk being too little prepared for anything unexpected. It is time to take a serious look at what can be done to substantially improve energy efficiency in existing commercial buildings, especially small and midsized buildings (SMBs), and what it will take to get it done. Energy efficiency is well-known to be the best short-term option for improving the nation’s energy equation. The technologies are in hand, and the ROIs are fast and getting faster. Energy efficiency in the built environment is an investment, not a cost. And it is an investment that pays a very solid return. In the current construction climate, existing buildings are the best target for efficiency reform, especially SMBs, where there is still plenty of low hanging fruit. Such a focus now needs to be a priority. it challenging times for energy efficiency Most of the avenues that were slated to be opened to a new energy world, as foreseen in 2008, are now on hold. The new Administration entered office determined to refocus attention on energy and climate policy, with a hard drive toward higher efficiency. Instead, changes in the U.S. Congress impacted important initiatives on the table, health care took the air out of the room, and, when that was done, we were ready for the next election – which changed everything. » Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 32011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=6http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=6coVer story contInued 20% the Better Buildings initiative is an important innovation, aiming to deliver a 20 percent improvement in building efficiency by 2020 through tax code reform, more creative financing and targeted government grants for efficiency improvements. Today, passage of regulatory support for building efficiency, in the form of comprehensive energy efficiency legislation, is only moderately optimistic with the recently introduced Energy Savings & Industrial Competitiveness Act. Some measures might get through the process – provisions attached to a jobs or tax bill, or negotiated items similar to President Obama’s “Better Buildings Initiative” (BBI) announced by the president at Penn State University in February. Indeed, the BBI is an important innovation, aiming to deliver a 20 percent improvement in building efficiency by 2020 through tax code reform, more creative financing and targeted government grants for efficiency improvements. When we remember that 40 percent of the 103 quads America uses annually are consumed by buildings, a 20 percent improvement is a big goal. But the idea of a paradigm shift in U.S. policy is on ice, at least until 2013 and probably beyond. The lingering financial crisis has also been costly in energy efficiency terms, stalling both new building construction and energy efficiency investment. And it could appear that the U.S. commercial building energy regime is today under assault from domestic and international forces simultaneously. Recent events in the Middle East, for example, have put nerves on edge about the availability and price of oil and natural gas. Resulting higher prices are pressuring global gas, food and other prices, threatening to weaken any economic recovery and further jar financial markets. The consequence would be to further slow progress on building efficiency investment. On the other hand, should the recovery be sustained, it alone would generate added energy price pressures, put more stress on a U.S. power grid and threaten to pull forward the ensemble of energy problems delayed by the downturn. It does not help that efforts to drive building component efficiency are beginning to max out technologically, joining with first-cost challenges, tight credit and a sharp slow down in new commercial building construction to hamper the shift to higher efficiency. Then, add shaky state budgets and a major shift in voter sentiment. Key states like California and New York played a decisive role in setting a new tone in built environment energy efficiency in the past decade, but each has now joined the array of states facing crises in public finance and stunning cuts in spending, suggesting a challenging future. Top off the scene with sharp political tensions, both at the state and federal level, and the future of big improvements in energy efficiency seems uncertain at best. When we remember that 40 percent of the 103 quads America uses annually are consumed by buildings, a 20 percent improvement is a big impact goal. But the idea of a paradigm shift in U.S. policy is on ice, at least until 2013 and probably beyond. the Building stock opportunity The University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Systems reported that between 1979 and 2003 commercial building floor space increased by 40 percent to 72 billion square feet. The total number of buildings increased by 28 percent to a total of 4.9 million. By 2035, the Center expects commercial floor space to reach 110.5 billion square feet. In the same period, the average energy intensity per square foot decreased from 115,000 BTU/sq. ft. to 91,000 BTU/sq. ft. – a 21 percent drop. Nonetheless, in a roughly comparable period (1980 v. 2006), the Center reported that the energy consumed by the commercial building sector rose to 18 quadrillion BTUs of primary energy, an 4 enVIsIoneerIng solutIons2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=7http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=7increase of 69 percent. Not much arithmetic is necessary to show that the commercial energy agenda is urgent. But where are the priorities? With vast square footage growth over roughly a quarter century and another expected burst of growth on the way, new buildings have to be near the top of the list. But the financial and economic storms that have swept much of the world since 2008 have impacted timing. A few numbers tell the story. As reported by McGraw-Hill Construction Vice President for Economic Affairs Robert Murray at an Outlook 2011 conference, between 2008 and 2009, spending on new commercial building construction fell by over 40 percent and dropped nearly another 20 percent the following year. Federal regulators tightened lending guidelines for commercial building construction. Harsh economic conditions have driven down the number of store openings, driven up warehouse vacancy rates (topping at 13.5 percent in 2010), and, according to CB Richard Ellis, raised office vacancy rates to between 15 percent (downtown) and 19 percent (suburban). 2011 has witnessed a rebound – but from a very depressed level of activity. And one more fact completes the picture: while new store and office openings have declined substantially, store and office renovations are up. The conclusion emerges that, while new construction may be the main target for energy innovation in the long run, retrofits of existing buildings represent the major nearterm opportunity for energy savings. Even so, there are still reasons for caution. High vacancy levels mean downward pressure on rents. Capital markets are sluggish. Serious uncertainties cloud tax reform. Heating oil prices remain volatile. Renovations are moving, but money is tight. The energy-efficiency retrofit market will not be self-moving, despite the vast opportunity for energy savings. » 1 10.5 billion square feet projected amount of commercial floor space in the united states by 2035. Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 52011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=8http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=8coVer story contInued so, what is to be done? Several avenues are available, and action on each could make an important contribution to improved energy efficiency in buildings – and to getting the United States ahead of energy-related events. 1 We need to take concrete steps within the private sector toward deployment of the smart grid, especially as it applies to small and mid-sized buildings. SMBs constitute 80 percent of the square footage in the United States. They consume a major potion of the total building energy use, and they are not complex. Their systems are comparatively simple, and they house businesses that will be responsive to price incentives. Today, owners and managers of most such buildings play little role in the U.S. energy effort beyond paying their electric bill. The smart grid can bring them into the fight. But to do so means opening the dialogue between industry and utilities so that we can all better understand and recognize what capacities we have and what is yet needed to move forward. The key to smart grid success is having building technologies ready to interface with smart grid monitoring and to be responsive to smart grid management. Many of these are in hand; others can be developed. But we need to know what is here already and what the R&D priorities should be. Today, owners and managers of most such buildings play little role in the U.S. energy effort beyond paying their electric bill. The smart grid can bring them into the fight. 50,000 ft. And lArgEr commercial buildings that are 50,000 sq ft and larger account for only 5% of the u.s. building stock, but comprise over 50% of the floor space and 56% of energy consumption. 2 2 We need stronger building codes for smBs, especially codes that support a systems approach to energy efficiency. Available technology has the capacity to far outstrip most codes, and virtually all are component- instead of systems-based. Modernizing building codes to raise system efficiency requires a range of supportive actions. We need to create a level playing field for state codes, eliminating patchwork standards and encouraging manufacturers to effectively and efficiently meet consistent and higher standards. That will require systems-based metrics and new expertise in building modeling and evaluation. And as progress is made on codes, stronger enforcement will become important – as will better education of the building management community in system monitoring and maintenance. 80% 6 3 amount of square footage in the united states occupied by smBs. the united states needs an effective building rating system for smBs to help owners realize the value of their investment in energy efficiency through higher rental rates and increased resale values. The United States Green Building Council (USGBC) oversees a rating system – the Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED®) system – for higher end buildings. But SMBs with moderate energy performance have no similar system, leaving developers and building owners with little incentive to research and install energy-saving solutions. And where there are financial incentives enVIsIoneerIng solutIons2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=9http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=9to do so, they should be geared to drive attention past first-cost issues to whole building systems analysis. 4 smart grid, code and ratings forces should be focused to drive equipment and design upgrades in existing buildings, especially smBs. The lower range of buildings is a rich source of outdated technologies and inefficient equipment, some with ozone-depleting refrigerants, ripe for replacement if the opportunities for cash savings, capital equations and regulations work in tandem. Taken all together, there are over 25,000 old, inefficient chillers with ozone-depleting CFC refrigerants still operating in the United States, with half the efficiency of the modern chiller. 5 and finally—an arsenal of financial incentives should be directed at driving smB retrofits. Financing mechanisms like Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) bonds would provide important support for investment in energy efficient technologies, as would the removal of the disincentivizing 39-year tax depreciation on mechanical equipment that has an estimated life span of 15 to 20 years. More realistic depreciation rates could speed recovery of investment substantially. moving ahead the cost-benefit analysis suggests three major conclusions that support moving ahead with the smart grid: an eye on the Big Picture Energy efficiency in buildings has needed serious, strategic policy attention for the past decade. During that period, a few states played large roles. But a few states cannot drive the nation – and while state governments remain important forces, state government economics are in trouble. With policy dialogue at the federal level having stalled, the nation is faced with the onset of a wide range of energy problems, some with consequences that will be hard to digest. The progress of the nation’s fundamental energy crisis has been slowed by the economic downturn, but relying on a financial collapse to avert an energy crisis is not a strategy. And with the return of growth, the problems will quicken. If energy efficiency moves forward in the near future, it will happen because the private sector and supportive institutions took steps to make it happen. Government at the local, state and federal levels can and should follow the private sector’s lead to take important supportive steps. But business needs to lead – in an arena where progress can be tough to make. Small and mid-sized buildings offer targets that can be hit and progress that can be demonstrated. That will not only move the nation ahead on energy, but will help show that we can move ahead on energy. It indeed can be done – if we keep an eye on the big picture. the payback is substantial and timely. the payback will go to both producers and consumers. the investment is cheaper than the cost of not investing. Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 72011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=10http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=10her organizations that develop codes and standards for food safety, energy efficiency and green buildings are on a clear path to making them tougher and greener. here we explore recent changes that, as manufacturers, suppliers and customers, we all need to recognize. co d e2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=11http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=11er &greener A Closer Look at Efforts to Improve Food Safety & Building Energy Use J u s t a s W e n e e d f o o d t o p o W e r o u r B o d I e s , we need energy to power our world. In theory, food and energy sources used to be relatively simple: early man hunted and gathered food, and burned deadfall wood for necessities like heating, cooking and lighting. Even then, safety and accessibility, while perhaps concerns of lesser importance than today, dictated a lifestyle. Food safety was trial-and-error until we learned what foods were healthy and safe, and both food and fuel had to be within walking distance. Over time, our food and energy infrastructures evolved apace with technologies and tastes to where we are today. We now have the ability to eat a variety of foods, regardless of the distance a meal must travel. But, that accessibility means an increased dependence on refrigeration. And just as we need cooling to ensure safe food, we also rely on cooling to keep our indoor environments comfortable. Yet, food safety is still not perfect, as recurring E.coli outbreaks and other food-related illnesses illustrate. And the efficient use of energy by HVAC and refrigeration systems is an ever-evolving issue that affects operating costs, the longevity of natural resources and the quality of the natural environment, among others. Thus, food accessibility and safety and energy for buildings must have something in common: codes and standards. Because technologies and tastes are changing and developing more rapidly today than any time in history, codes and standards are also evolving quickly to keep up. Codes and standards continue to change in all sectors; however, this article discusses some of the latest developments in prevalent U.S. codes and standards for food safety and building-energy performance. e s & s ta n da r d s g e t FSMA and Danfoss: the Fsma has significance to danfoss products in both prevention and inspection. danfoss energy management systems, product temperature sensors and refrigerated transport monitoring can help designs, installation and operations comply with Fsma specifications for prevention controls. additionally, incorporating danfoss PowerFocus dashboard and haccP/tQi reports into food-safety plans would help with inspection compliance. Food safety Signed into law on Jan. 4, 2011, the U.S. Food Safety and Modernization Act (FSMA) is ushering in the first major overhaul of the nation’s food-safety infrastructure since 1938. The Grocery Manufacturers Association, along with 19 other organizations, supports the new rules, saying they are vital to the entire food industry. »2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=12http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=12old legislation VS fsma surveiLLance the Fda’s focus was on responding to adulterated food once it was discovered. the Fda’s focus shifts to stopping outbreaks before they start, by requiring processors to implement written foodsafety plans. For the first time, the FSMA establishes preventive controls by legislating the FDA to require comprehensive, prevention-based controls across the food supply. The goal of this measure is to move the United States beyond reactive, post-outbreak measures and analysis and, instead, to get in front of outbreaks with prevention and protection. The FSMA also recognizes that inspection is an important means of holding the industry accountable for its responsibility to produce safe food. Thus, the law specifies how often the FDA should inspect both food product and food producers. As a result, the FDA can focus on higher-risk foods rather than treat all foods the same, and adopt more innovative inspection approaches toward preventing outbreaks of food-related illnesses. Additionally, the FSMA has given the FDA new regulatory tools to help ensure that imported foods meet U.S. standards and are safe for consumers. And, for the first time, the FDA will have mandatory recall authority for all food products. The regulation also recognizes the importance of strengthening existing collaboration among all food safety agencies, including federal, state, local, territorial, tribal and foreign, to achieve mutual goals in the interest of public health. Altogether, the Food Safety Modernization Act constitutes a much-needed and well-conceived legislative package of outbreak prevention and response measures that will greatly benefit consumers and industry. Table 1 quickly summarizes the changes FSMA applies to foodsafety regulation. sPeciFic targets the Fda had to treat all foods the same, despite the fact that some are more likely to become contaminated than others. Fda can develop regulations that focus on the highest-risk foods, including fruits, vegetables and imports. insPections the Fda was able to inspect fewer than 20 percent of domestic food facilities and 1 percent of foreign food imports. more than half of food facilities have gone five or more years without a federal inspection. the riskiest domestic facilities will be inspected every three years, beginning in 2015. records checks For most plants, when the Fda conducted an inspection, it could only require a spot check of what was happening that day. the Fda will have access to the foodsafety plan, as well as records and test results that are linked to the safety plan. energy codes and standards Similar to the national food-safety standards to protect our health, national standards for energy efficiency help us work toward protecting our energy supplies and the quality of our environment. Energy codes and standards exist for individual products and systems, such table 1: how the Food safety modernization act changes the Fda’s regulatory focus and provides the Fda with greater authority and resources to enforce new food-safety measures. 10 enVIsIoneerIng solutIons2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=13http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=13ashrae standard 90.1–2007* ashrae standard 90.1–2004* ashrae standard 90.1–1999–2001* no statewide code or precedes ashrae standard 90.1–1999 state has adopted a new code to be effective at a later date commercial state energy code status as of aprIl 1, 2011 *meets or exceeds Figure 1: the status of state adoption of commercial building energy codes. source: Building codes assistance Project, http://bcap-ocean.org/ code-status-commercial as lightbulbs, motors and appliances, and they exist for commercial buildings as a whole. To keep things simple for the purposes of this article, we’re going to focus on the energy codes and standards for buildings, which have sections within them that impact efficiencies for HVAC systems and components. The U.S. Energy Policy Act (EPAct 2005), which is administered and enforced by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), requires that all states adopt a commercial energy code at least as efficient as ASHRAE 90.1-2004. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 is published by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) and is on continuous maintenance. This means the document is republished every three years to incorporate all approved changes to date. The most recent version, 2010, is 30 percent more efficient than the 2004 baseline. The International Energy Efficiency Code (IECC) is administered by the International Code Council (ICC). ICC started developing their set of “I-codes” to satisfy requests from code jurisdictions (adopting agencies) for a single national model building code that is “adoptable ready.” As a result, the ICC has I-codes in several categories, including energy, building construction, seismic, fire and safety and green construction. States are, however, free to develop their own energy code, so long as the code is at least as stringent as 90.1-2004. Code jurisdictions or agencies that adopt and enforce codes can tailor national and state codes/standards to their individual needs. Most adopting agencies start with the IECC and edit it to match their local requirements. ASHRAE 90.1 is referenced in the IECC as a compliance path, thus allowing jurisdictions to use the IECC as its energy code and comply with EPAct. To see adoption by state, the Building Codes Assistance Project maintains an interactive online resource for tracking the status of energy code adoption (Figure 1). It can be found at http://bcap-ocean.org/code-status-commercial. ASHRAE 90.1 is recognized by IECC in an option that allows engineers to meet the IECC commercial-building » Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 112011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=14http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=14contInued requirements by complying with ASHRAE 90.1. To help keep IECC and 90.1 consistent, ASHRAE submits proposals to adopt 90.1 changes to the ICC during their code cycle. For the most part, the codes are similar, but there are some differences that have developed over time. Also, because ICC tends to keep the IECC language slightly simpler than ASHRAE 90.1 (where items like design guidance are included), there will always be some omissions in the IECC compared to ASHRAE 90.1. With all that in mind, the following are a few of the most recent changes to 90.1, as reflected in the 2010 version, that are relevant to commercial refrigeration and airconditioning systems. One of the biggest changes was in the scope of 90.1, as conveyed by the standard’s title, purpose and scope (TPS). The TPS now has provisions to include process loads, which use the same type of equipment used in commercial buildings. Process loads were previously excluded, because it is extremely difficult for a standard to define what a process load should be and because they are difficult to enforce. (How do you define process loads related to manufacturing silicon chips versus the plug loads of computers in an office building?) However, by not taking process loads into account, the standard was limited to saving energy via HVAC and lighting systems, as well as more stringent envelope provisions, which have been yielding less and less bang for the buck as the standard continues to evolve. While refrigeration systems, including supermarket applications, are not included in 90.1-2010, new changes to the TPS will allow 90.1 to cover them in future versions. For air-conditioning systems, there are several key changes. One is the addition of new HVAC system types to 90.1 HVAC efficiency tables: computer room airconditioning (CRAC) units and variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems. In the current version, efficiencies are well within convention; however, the addition of these units to 90.1 sets the stage for equipment that previously had no efficiency levels to have increased efficiency levels in the near future. Also, part-load efficiencies for air-cooled chillers were increased by more than 20 percent, and a new compliance path (Compliance Path B) for chillers with variablefrequency drives (VFDs) was introduced. This new compliance path relaxes the full-load point slightly to account for VFD losses, but has a much more stringent part-load requirement. This should strengthen the market for VFDs on chillers. The range of chillers covered by 90.1 was increased; chillers are now required to comply with condensing temperatures up to 115 degrees F and evaporator supply temperatures down to 36 degrees F. Not only has the temperature range increased, but the exclusion for chillers using glycol has been eliminated, so that 90.1 now includes 95 percent of the chiller market. proposed changes to ashrae 90.1 cover commercial refrigeration recently, ashrae released a proposed change to ashrae 90.1-2010 to provide minimum efficiency ratings for commercial refrigerators and freezers. the proposed changes implement minimum efficiency requirements for some commercial refrigerators and freezers as defined by the u.s. department of energy, which went into effect as of Jan. 1, 2010, plus others that will go into effect on Jan. 1, 2012. the changes would be implemented through two new efficiency tables covering remote-condensing and self-contained units rated for low-temperature, medium-temperature and ice cream. efficiency ratings for all listed equipment would be derived in accordance with ahrI 1200, performance rating of commercial refrigerated display merchandisers and storage cabinets. to oBtain a PdF oF the Pro Pos ed chang es, vis it ht tP://B it.Ly/d Z i Q r F. 12 enVIsIoneerIng solutIons2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=15http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=15The VFD market got a boost from 90.1 in other ways as well: » a new requirement for single-zone variable-airvolume (VaV) controls, essentially requiring air handlers and fan-coil units as small as 5 hp to have either two-speed motors or Vfds. as of Jan. 1, 2012, all unitary dX systems larger than 10 tons will be required to have a two-speed supply fan or a Vfd. changes to variable-flow pumping on chilled water systems show a large increase in stringency. Individual pumps >100 ft of head and 50 hp were previously required to have a Vfd (or similar unloading characteristic). this threshold having now been reduced, pumps over 5 hp will also be required to have a Vfd (or similar unloading characteristic). this now also includes unitary water-cooled systems, which previously did not have any requirements for variable-flow pumping. » » While modern civilization’s tastes and technologies have come a long way since the days of less accessibility and fewer safety methods, our dependence on safe food and abundant, inexpensive energy is continuously growing and strengthening. the credit. As it is currently written, providing thermal storage for air-conditioning systems can meet this credit. Within the indoor environmental quality category, acoustics will be added for new construction. Though previously limited to schools, the category will now be expanded to include all new construction buildings. This could enable chiller compressors that have frictionless bearings to gain market edge because of their low-noise/ low-vibration operation. Leed 2012 The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is on track to release the next update to its Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) rating system in fall 2012. LEED has stringent energy requirements, using ASHRAE 90.1 as a baseline prerequisite and awarding credits to buildings that go beyond 90.1. Among the changes that LEED 2012 introduces are new categories, such as integrated design, location, transportation and performance. Some credits have been added and others were moved into the new categories. The energy optimization credit will be changed in several ways, including the principle that maximizing energy points will require up to 70 percent energy savings beyond ASHRAE 90.1. This has made this credit even more difficult, considering 90.1, as a baseline, has also increased in efficiency by 30 percent. LEED also has an eye on the smart grid, with a new credit for demand response. Points will be awarded based on the implementation of a demand response program administered by the utility. Alternatively, an option for 10 percent permanent peak reduction is another way to earn summary While modern civilization’s tastes and technologies have come a long way since the days of less accessibility and fewer safety methods, our dependence on safe food and abundant, inexpensive energy is continuously growing and strengthening. Accordingly, codes and standards that establish minimal requirements and the means to enforce them will evolve with us every step of the way. The direction that the latest iterations of food and energy standards have taken is timely and important. As we strive for health and safety in consumption and commerce – and also in sustainability, we depend more upon codes and standards to provide the confidence that we will not only get there but remain there for the next millennia. Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 132011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=16http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=16case study one proJect hIghlIghts » uses oil-free danfoss turbocor compressors, allowing for completely upside-down chiller start » quiet chillers are ideal for office setting » contributed to leed gold certification never Judge a Book–or a BuiLding–By its cover 40-year-old commercial structure features cutting-edge, energy-efficient technology 925 l street Is a 40-year-old commercIal offIce B u I l d I n g located in the center of downtown Sacramento, Calif., directly across from the State Capitol. Leased and managed by Jones Lang LaSalle, a financial and professional service firm specializing in real estate services and investment management, the building reveals little on the outside that would suggest the cutting-edge systems inside that make 925 L Street a model of energy efficiency and sustainability – a United States Green Building Council Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) Gold certified building that has earned an ENERGY STAR® label every year since 2007. “The cost of electricity in California is extremely high, forcing our company to look closely at ways to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption,” explained Mike Ryder, chief engineer for Jones Lang LaSalle. “In the process, we have made a number of changes to building systems 14 enVIsIoneerIng solutIons2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=17http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=17since the building was constructed, which have contributed to these important LEED and ENERGY STAR certifications.” One of the more recent changes includes the installation of a 300-ton Multistack® MagLev™ chiller that features two Danfoss Turbocor compressors and replaces a 300-ton chiller that was original to the building. A second chiller installed in 1998 now serves as the backup to the newer Multistack unit. According to Ryder, the older chiller was not efficient at low loads, making it difficult to meet efficiency goals. “Because of our proximity to the capitol building, our tenant mix includes a number of state agencies and lobbyists that tend to work late hours and weekends when the California State Legislature is in session. As a result, it’s not unusual for us to provide HVAC services until midnight to four of the building’s 14 floors through the week and to one floor on weekends. “With the old chiller, and its inability to unload down to minimal tonnages, we had to start the entire building to keep enough load on the chiller to support the reduced number of tenants working at night,” Ryder continued. “And every time the chiller started, we experienced a large spike. So, to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy costs, we began looking for a chiller with the ability to unload down to 35 tons, providing cooling to just one floor when necessary. The chiller also needed to stop and then restart without experiencing the huge spikes we were accustomed to.” Ryder eventually selected the Multistack chiller, attracted to the unit’s two Danfoss Turbocor compressors and their unloading capabilities. According to Ryder, the unit provided the only option available to Jones Lang LaSalle short of installing supplemental HVAC for those floors that required after-hours cooling. Airco Commercial Services, a full-service commercial heating, ventilation and airconditioning (HVAC) company, installed the new chiller one year ago. The Sacramentobased company has maintained the HVAC system at 925 L Street for a number of years, making recommendations when appropriate to contribute to improved efficiencies within the system. According to Airco Sales Manager Steve Ghilardi, the company installed a heat exchanger five years ago, providing free cooling to the building for the first time and enabling Jones Lang LaSalle to shut down their chiller between October and March. The system also contributed to the building’s LEED Gold certification in 2010. Following that success, building owners turned their attention to the facility’s chillers, eventually electing to replace the oldest chiller with the Multistack chiller and positioning it as the lead chiller. In addition, Airco installed new chilled water pumps, reconfigured the chilled water plant to run either chiller with either pump and retrofitted the central plant controls with Automated Logic Controls. “The new chiller requires just 0.5 kW/ton to operate at full load, compared to 0.95 kW/ ton required by the old unit, thanks in large part to the variable-speed drives (VSDs) that are built into the two Danfoss Turbocor compressors. In effect we doubled the efficiency of the HVAC system,” noted Jay Hunter, project engineer at Airco. “As a result, in certain “The cost of electricity in California is extremely high, forcing our company to look closely at ways to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption.” – mike ryder, chief engineer for Jones Lang Lasalle » Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 152011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=18http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=18case study one contInued “I just love this chiller! We’re seeing substantial savings as a result of its installation, and it has changed my life completely.” – mike ryder circumstances, the Multistack chiller is even more cost effective to run than the free cooling plate and frame heat exchanger. And it has the ability to unload to a minimal amount of tons to satisfy the cooling requirements within the building – in this case cooling just one floor.” Although Hunter points to energy efficiency as the greatest benefit the new chiller and compressors offer, he also recognizes the advantages of oil-free compressors. “The fact that the chiller uses Danfoss Turbocor compressors means there is no oil in the system. The compressors work on magnetic levitation, eliminating friction and the need for oil. This, in turn, means less maintenance, because the system isn’t pumping or heating oil.” Just as important to the building owner, the absence of oil ensures reliability. According to Ghilardi, the old chillers failed several years ago as a result of an oil-related problem. “The temperature reached 100 degrees Fahrenheit, so the building had to close for two days while the owner addressed the problem. With oil-free compressors, this type of problem is no longer a possibility.” Ryder adds, “The combination of VSDs and no oil means we can start the chiller in conditions in which a conventional chiller is unable to start – mostly in an upside down start where the temperature of the condensing water is cooler than the temperature of the chilled water. This was a huge issue with the old chiller. When you do an upside down start with a conventional chiller, you starve the chiller for oil, which leads to oil issues. Because the Danfoss Turbocor compressors are oil-free, we can start the chiller completely upside down and not experience any issues at all.” In addition, Ryder reports that the new chiller makes it possible to run higher condensing-water temperature, reducing the amount of work required of the cooling towers. “Our backup chiller likes condensingwater temperatures between 69 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit, while the new chiller actually prefers temperatures of 75 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. As a result, because they’re on VSDs, our cooling towers are able to back off, even on very warm days, providing additional energy savings that can be linked to the chiller and its compressors.” Ryder echoes both Hunter’s and Ghilardi’s comments regarding maintenance benefits. “No oil means no filters and considerably less maintenance. In fact, the biggest maintenance we’ll do in the foreseeable future is the annual tube cleaning, just to keep efficiencies as high as possible with the heat transfers.” And according to Ryder, the chiller is far quieter than its predecessor, thanks again to the Danfoss Turbocor compressors. Because the chiller is located on the roof of the building, the chiller’s quiet operation was the numbers reduction in gas and electric costs since the new chiller was installed in 2009 and 2010 Jones lang lasalle proJect 11.6% reduction in electrical consumption since the new chiller was installed in 2009 and 2010 17.8% out of 97 100 occupancy rate of the building, even as newer Leed certified buildings are going up in the area the building’s energy star® score after completion of the project; they plan to apply for Leed Platinum status 90% 16 enVIsIoneerIng solutIons2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=19http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=19in 2010, the Jones Lang Lasalle property at 925 L street was recognized by the Building owners and managers association (Boma) of sacramento with a toBy award, recognizing the facility as an outstanding building of the year in the 100,000- to 249,999-square-foot category. in 2011, 925 L street was again nominated for a toBy award in the same category for a building its size by Boma international. not a selling point for him. But Ryder is the first to admit that lower sound levels have proven beneficial to him. “It’s a huge convenience when you’re working around the chiller,” he said. “I don’t have to wear ear protection anymore in the chiller room, and I’m able to talk to other people without shouting. In fact, the new pumps we installed are louder than the chiller. The Danfoss Turbocor compressors do not use mechanical bearings, so there is no metal-to-metal contact and the noise that goes with it anywhere in the chiller. That’s a benefit I didn’t anticipate but certainly appreciate.” As pleased as Ryder is with many of the operating features of the chiller, he identifies the unit’s efficient operation and its impact on energy costs as the most important benefit it delivers to Jones Lang LaSalle. A review of the building’s ENERGY STAR statistics from 2009 and 2010 shows an 11.6 percent reduction in gas and electric costs and a 17.8 percent reduction in electrical consumption since the new chiller was installed. Additionally, the building’s ENERGY STAR score rose from 94 to 97. In fact, so impressive are the improvements to efficiency since Jones Lang LaSalle installed the chiller that the company plans to apply for LEED Platinum certification. In addition, Jones Lang Salle has been able to pass these savings along to its tenants by reducing its price per square foot. As a result, the building continues to remain competitive in a tight real estate market and experience an occupancy rate of 90 percent, even as newer and, in some cases, LEED buildings are going up around it. Because the backup chiller operates efficiently at higher ranges, Ryder uses it when he can predict a stretch of 100-degree days, knowing the chiller will stay online and loaded up. But on variable days with cool mornings and hot afternoons that drop off quickly, he runs the new chiller. In those cases, at about 6 p.m. when at least half the building goes off-line and the fans shut down, the Multistack chiller takes up the load change and unloads rapidly enough to meet smaller cooling loads, without any surges or other mechanical issues. “I just love this chiller!” declared Ryder. “We’re seeing substantial savings as a result of its installation, and it has changed my life completely. I don’t worry anymore about equipment tripping off through the night, which has removed a huge burden from me as far as babysitting the chiller, even when I’m at home.” “Looking at the 1970s structure, it’s hard to believe, but in 925 L Street we have a 40-year-old building that is delivering the same efficiencies as buildings that have come online within the last three years. That’s pretty remarkable and makes this a story worth telling.” Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 172011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=20http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=20case study t Wo proJect hIghlIghts » employs 744 danfoss Vlt drives » will reduce annual co2 emissions by 43,500 tons » consistent Vlt interface makes maintenance across the 18-million-square-foot complex easy reLiaBiLity and consistency Make danfoss VlT® drives a Sure Bet in las Vegas 18-million-square-foot citycenter features more than 700 Vlt drives l a s V e g a s m ay B e t h e c a p I ta l of variety and excess, with seemingly unlimited choices of entertainment and food. But for the mechanical systems that manage the indoor environment in this desert city, consistency and simplicity are more desirable traits. Owners of casino hotels and restaurants that operate around-the-clock require HVAC equipment that is reliable and easy to operate and maintain. Those criteria became vitally important to the developer of CityCenter, an $8.5 billion resort destination on the Las Vegas Strip that was the largest and most elaborate commercial construction project in U.S. history. MGM Resorts International opened the 18-million-square-foot development in December of 2009. It contains a smorgasbord of facilities, including 6,000 hotel rooms, 2,400 condominiums, 38 restaurants and bars, a convention center, a shopping mall, a Cirque du Soleil theater and a 150,000-square-foot casino. In addition, an 8.5-megawatt, natural-gasfired cogeneration plant provides a portion of CityCenter’s electricity, hot water and heat. 18 enVIsIoneerIng solutIons2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=21http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=21MGM Resort’s project managers and consulting engineers WSP Flack and Kurtz knew that the project’s scope and the Las Vegas environment would place extraordinary demands on its HVAC system. They needed to make the system operation as simple and efficient as possible. As part of their solution, they chose during the planning stages in 2006 to integrate variable frequency drives on every HVAC system motor 5 HP and larger. MGM Resorts eventually selected the line of VLT® HVAC Drives from Danfoss because of the product’s performance history and consistent interface. “MGM Resorts had nearly 20 years of experience using Danfoss products in other facilities,” commented the leading engineer on the project. “Their products had a solid track record.” That familiarity was an important concern because of the scope of the CityCenter project, which took more than four years to complete. MGM Resorts’ vision for CityCenter included creating a sustainable urban core that was significantly different than the isolated, sprawling casinos typically found in Las Vegas. Several architects and more than 250 consultants worked to create that vision by managing development of multiple structures on 67 acres. “There were several buildings under construction at one time, so there was pressure to stay on track and deliver a product the day it was needed,” said the project’s leading engineer. “And because of that aggressive construction schedule, we had to be confident that the products we were installing were going to perform.” Mechanical contractors installed 744 VLT drives during the four-year construction process, ranging in size from 1 HP to 600 HP. The drives, which are designed to work at maximum output in ambient temperatures up to 122°F, were installed in nearly every area of the HVAC system, including: » primary-loop chilled water pumps (600 hp), which provide chilled water for comfort cooling to the entire citycenter complex. condenser water pumps (450 hp), which return water to the chillers, maintaining the proper temperature and flow necessary for optimum chiller operation. hot water pumps (300 hp), which circulate hydronic heating water for applications such as comfort heat during the winter months and domestic water heating throughout the year. air handler system of supply fans and return fans containing more than 250 Vfds. cooling tower fans (250 hp), which control the temperature of the condenser water for the facility’s six 5,500-ton chillers. MgM resorts eventually selected the line of VlT® HVAC drives from danfoss because of the product’s performance history and consistent interface. » » » » Because of the variety of applications, consistency among the drives was a major consideration. The project team at MGM Resorts preferred variable frequency drives with a modular design and related interface, programming and software. Team members were concerned that drives using different programming and interfaces would add unnecessary complexity. » Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 192011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=22http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=22case study t Wo contInued “A big factor in the decision to choose danfoss was the ‘family’ consistency of the VlT drives. Whatever the size of the drive, it had the same look and feel. That’s important because it simplifies operation and maintenance of the system by MgM resorts’ operations personnel. Having multiple systems would be impractical.” “A big factor in the decision to choose Danfoss was the ‘family’ consistency of the VLT drives,” explained Paul Beck, regional sales manager at Danfoss. “Whatever the size of the drive, it had the same look and feel. That’s important because it simplifies operation and maintenance of the system by MGM Resorts’ operations personnel. Having multiple systems would be impractical.” MGM Resorts’ officials are compiling energy usage data from the initial year of operations at the CityCenter complex. This data shows that the property-wide implementation of Danfoss drives on all HVAC motors over 5 HP has improved the complex’s projected energy performance by 45 percent over ASHRAE Standard 90.11999 standards. Furthermore, according to energy savings data from typical VFD usage, the drives have the potential to save as much as 10,049 kWh, which exceeds amount of energy that a second central plant would produce if the complex required that much energy for operations. Looking at these savings in real terms – in a complex that operates 24 hours a day for 365 days a year, this translates to energy savings just over 58 million kW per hour or 58,000 mW per hour. Significant energy savings like these also help to reduce annual CO2 emissions by 43,500 tons – which is the equivalent of taking a typical power plant off the grid for a full six days of operation. In addition to the obvious utility cost benefit, the use of Danfoss drives also contributed to Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) points awarded by the U.S. Green Building Council. The Council awarded LEED Gold certification to ARIA Resort & Casino’s hotel tower, convention center and theater; Vdara Hotel & Spa; Mandarin Oriental, Las Vegas; Veer Towers and Crystals retail and entertainment district at CityCenter. This marks the highest LEED achievement of any hotel, retail district or residential development in Las Vegas. mgm resorts international opened the 18-million-square-foot development in december of 2009. it contains a smorgasbord of facilities, including 6,000 hotel rooms, 2,400 condominiums, 38 restaurants and bars, a convention center, a shopping mall, a cirque du soleil theater and a 150,000-square-foot casino. 20 enVIsIoneerIng solutIons2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=23http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=23case study three proJect hIghlIghts » uses danfoss living connect© technology to provide convenience and superior energy savings » 22% energy savings in the first week » non-invasive installment preserved the 230-year-old building’s historical integrity amBassador residence a n y h o m e – W h e t h e r I t I s hundreds of years old or brand new – can be made energy efficient with the help of the right technologies. This was the premise behind the recent energy makeover of the residence of U.S. Ambassador to Belgium Howard Gutman. Located in downtown Brussels, the 16,000-square-foot, four-story home was built in 1781. Today, the 230-year-old residence is making news as the subject of a three-month, top-to-bottom energy retrofit. The makeover was inspired by the work of the League of Green Embassies and spearheaded by the Alliance to Save Energy (Alliance) as part of its 2011 Energy Efficiency Global Forum (EE Global), which met in Brussels April 12-14. Led by U.S. Ambassador to Finland Bruce Oreck, the League of Green Embassies is a bipartisan collaboration of the U.S. State Department’s » History and technology intersect in 230-year-old the smallest radiator thermostat of its kind on the market, the danfoss electronic thermostat features an easy-to-read information display, simple, elegant design that enhances any room and smooth surfaces and a cylindrical shape that fits any radiator or heating rail. Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 212011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=24http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=24case study three contInued Overseas Building Office, U.S. embassies, the Department of Energy, energy service companies and U.S. clean technology exporters. “This has been a year of action at the U.S. Embassy in Helsinki, and we are delighted that through the League of Green Embassies we are able to inspire and implement similar actions not only in Europe, but around the world,” commented Ambassador Oreck. “Through the partnerships established by the League, embassies are shaping the future and setting a precedent for others to follow. Everyone has a role to play, and embassies globally are leading by example.” To accomplish the Brussels makeover, the Alliance, a nonprofit organization that promotes energy efficiency worldwide, enlisted help from Danfoss and six other privatesector companies that are Associate members of the Alliance. Together the seven companies donated more than $145,000 in energy-efficient technologies to the project. The results of their efforts were unveiled at an EE Global media event and gala reception on April 13. “The world is focused on the search for new energy sources,” said Morten Jorgensen, category manager for Danfoss. “But in this case, the Alliance and the League of Green Embassies challenged us to apply new, smart technologies that not only rely on energy sources currently available, but also deliver energy and cost savings. For Danfoss, the project provided a great opportunity to retrofit the home’s existing radiators with 25 of the innovative new living connect® radiator thermostats from Danfoss and two Danfoss Link™ CC (Central controllers).” living connect® thermostats are part of the living by Danfoss range of premium thermostats. Launched throughout Europe in May, the thermostats are designed to provide superior performance and comfort, while saving energy and costs. “As part of the retrofit, we replaced traditional radiator valves and thermostats with new electronic radiator thermostats in those areas of the residence that did not use an in-floor heating system. This included the basement, 50 individual rooms can be independently temperaturecontrolled using the danfoss wireless living connect® system. 22 enVIsIoneerIng solutIons2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=25http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=25the kitchen, rooms used by embassy personnel and the living quarters of the ambassador’s family,” explained Jorgensen. “As a result, the ambassador is able to control the temperature in each of the rooms equipped with living connect thermostats from a single location using the Danfoss Link CC.” Simple to set up and operate, living connect radiator thermostats can save as much as 23 percent in energy use by allowing homeowners to program the amount of heat required in individual rooms, at any given time of the day or night, to meet individual needs. As a result, the radiator helps to ensure a comfortable, healthy indoor environment while delivering energy savings during periods of setback, e.g. at night, during vacation or those times of day when a home or building is unoccupied. “In addition, the thermostat has the ability to detect a dramatic temperature drop caused by the opening of a window or door,” Jorgensen noted. “Three minutes after the drop occurs, the thermostat will close the radiator, so it is not wasting energy by heating outside air. When the window closes and the temperature in the room begins to rise again, the radiator will turn on and provide enough heat to meet the preset temperature.” The smallest radiator thermostat of its kind on the market, the Danfoss electronic thermostat features an easy-to read information display, simple, elegant design that enhances any room and smooth surfaces and a cylindrical shape that fits any radiator or heating rail. “The unit is also the quietest on the market, with a motor that measures less than 30 decibels of sound,” added Jorgensen. “This is especially important at night when occupants of a home are sleeping and don’t want to be disturbed by the sound of the radiator turning on and off.” According to Jorgensen, the living connect thermostats and Danfoss Link CC work wirelessly throughout the ambassador’s residence, communicating on a standard Z-wave to control heating room by room. “Because the 868 MHz frequency is not permitted in North America the thermostats are limited to the European market. Instead, the North American market relies on Danfoss thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) to provide precise temperature control on a room-by-room basis, improving comfort and lowering heating costs. Installing the Danfoss products in the Louis XVI-style ambassador’s residence presented unique challenges. “Fortunately we were able to install the thermostats without disturbing any of the architectural features of the building or clashing with the historic decor,” said Jorgensen. “The bigger challenge was presented by all the concrete and metal throughout the building, which interfered with the wireless signal.” “To meet challenges like this one, living connect radiator thermostats are designed to be used with repeaters. In this case, we installed repeaters between thermostats and the controller, successfully bridging the wireless signal and solving the problem created by concrete and heavy metal doors.” The wireless system offers the capability of controlling the temperature in up to 50 rooms. That compares to less than 10 rooms or zones for competitors’ offerings. » “… the ambassador is able to control the temperature in each of the rooms equipped with living connect thermostats from a single location using the danfoss link CC.” living connect®: thermostats that are part of the living by danfoss range of premium thermostats. Launched throughout europe in may, the thermostats are designed to provide superior performance and comfort, while saving energy and costs. Volume 10 / Issue 2 / 2011 232011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=26http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=26case study three contInued In addition to the Danfoss radiator thermostats and control system, the ambassador’s residence includes the following energy-saving enhancements: » Window films that provide security and block solar heat gain while allowing daylight to illuminate the residence’s interior an educational, touch-screen kiosk that monitors and measures energy efficiency improvements and provides real time data on energy savings, and a single energyefficient boiler that produces both hot water and heat supply, eliminating the home’s two aging boilers two layers of insulation (360 mm thick) installed in the previously uninsulated attic replacement of more than 500 inefficient light bulbs with halogen and Led lighting technologies that save between 30 and 75 percent of the energy used by traditional light bulbs electrical meters that measure the residence’s electricity, and gas and web-based energy-monitoring software environmentally friendly green generation kitchen appliances and smaller Kitchenaid® electrical appliances that reduce energy consumption » 22% electricity savings in the first week of deployment of the new system » » » “The U.S. embassy retrofit also clearly demonstrates that any existing home or building – no matter how old – can be made more energy efficient without sacrificing any of its attractive or historic attributes and ambiance, a message that is very important for Europe where so much of the building stock has been around for centuries.” – kateri callahan, President, alliance to save energy » As a result of these energy-saving technologies, the ambassador’s residence showed initial electricity savings of 22 percent in the first week after the unveiling. The home’s new gas-saving ability will be monitored and evaluated in late 2011 when temperatures drop. “The exciting ‘facelift’ of the U.S. ambassador’s residence in Brussels showcases first-hand the important cost savings and increases in comfort that happen when we unleash the power of energy efficiency into our existing stock of homes and buildings,” said Alliance President Kateri Callahan. “The U.S. embassy retrofit also clearly demonstrates that any existing home or building – no matter how old – can be made more energy efficient without sacrificing any of its attractive or historic attributes and ambiance, a message that is very important for Europe where so much of the building stock has been around for centuries.” And a house that once represented the past now speaks to the future, showcasing technologies with the ability to conserve energy, save money and ensure comfort well into the future, all while preserving the historic integrity of the 18th century residence. “While it may look like a home rooted in history,” said Ambassador Gutman, “it actually represents our energy future. That future boasts public private partnerships, a comprehensive strategy incorporating appliance efficiency standards, the federal government leading by example in energy efficiency, and both yesterday’s and tomorrow’s homes being more energy efficient.” 24 enVIsIoneerIng solutIons2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=27http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=27product hIghlIght transitioning to electronic controls for refrigeration units The days of simple mechanical thermostats providing on/off control of compressors are nearly gone. These simple, yet reliable, controls are being replaced by more advanced electronic controls of increasing function and efficiency. For glass door merchandisers and commercial refrigerators and freezers, danfoss started the transition to electronics with the launch of the etc1h electronic control in the mid- 2000s, but has recently explored development of controls specifically designed to further promote energy efficiency through an easy-touse interface. a new family of electronic controls – type erc, designed for glass door merchandiser and commercial refrigerator and freezer cabinets – was first launched in europe and then in north america in early 2011 at ahr expo in las Vegas. compared to the preceding etc1h control, the new, more sophisticated erc was developed to bring significant value to all customers and stakeholders. designed to operate with a wide input voltage range, the same control can now be used for 120 Vac and 230 Vac, resulting in a reduction in the amount of code numbers required at danfoss and customers alike. this feature will increase availability, as the same code numbers will be used around the world. unlike some other electronic controls, the erc has two programming options. the control parameters can be accessed from the buttons on the front panel, or, for volume production, a danfoss programming tool can be used. With the danfoss programming tool, the control can be quickly set to the exact parameters needed for the specific requirements of the cabinet being produced. once the programming tool downloads the control parameters, it then checks to ensure the control is functional and gives the production worker a visual and audible signal indicating the control is programmed, operational and ready to be put into service. for the customer, applying the erc to their equipment is easy as well. more than 200 available control parameters allow for precise, flexible and energyefficient control of equipment. plus, by using the danfoss Koolprog software – with features such as a built-in data logger – engineers can quickly determine the best control parameters for each cabinet. among a number of unique features that allow for significant energy savings for glass door merchandisers, the control includes an ambient light sensor to signal a night setback. the sensor enables the erc to automatically determine that the store is closing, based on decreased light levels, and, in turn, the control can then raise the cabinet’s target temperature setpoint, saving significant energy during a time when the store is closed. When light levels increase, the temperature setpoint is reduced to achieve the desired product temperature. for its high-quality, robust design and powerful energy efficient control parameters, the erc 102 was recognized in the ahr Innovation awards as an honorable mention in the refrigeration category at the 2011 ahr expo. for more InformatIon: contact 410-931-8250 baltimore@danfoss.com www.danfoss.us2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=28http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/refrigerationandairconditioning/RA/Solutions/US/SolutionsVol10Issue22011/?Page=28danFoss Locations BaLtimore, md 11655 crossroads circle Baltimore, md 21220 410-931-8250 / fax: 410-931-8256 www.danfoss.us » refrigeration & air conditioning » Industrial controls » heating controls: 443-512-0266 fax: 443-512-0270 W W W . d a n f o s s . u s taLLahassee, FL danfoss turbocor 1769 e. paul dirac drive tallahassee, fl 32310 850-504-4800 / fax: 850-504-0280 www.turbocor.com » oil-free compressors for process and comfort cooling 2011 Calendar of Events June septemBer Loves Park, iL 4401 n. Bell school road loves park, Il 61111 815-639-8600 / fax: 815-639-8000 www.danfossdrives.com » drives » envisioneering symposium: e3: energy, efficiency and economics June 10, 2011 russell senate office Building Washington, d.c. » energy efficiency: the Path to nyc’s residential transformation september 15, 2011 new york marriott marquis new york city, ny development conference september 18–21, 2011 hilton atlanta atlanta, ga miLWaukee, Wi 8800 W. Bradley road milwaukee, WI 53224 414-355-8800 / fax: 414-355-6117 www.danfossdrives.com » drives » nessie high pressure Water systems » american Water Works conference & exposition (ace) June 12–16, 2011 Walter e. Washington convention center Washington, d.c. » Fmi energy & store mountainside, nJ danfoss hago, Inc. 1120 globe ave. mountainside, nJ 07092 908-232-8687 / fax: 908-232-7246 www.hagonozzle.com » components for oil Burners toronto, ont 6711 mississauga rd., suite 410 mississauga, ontario l5n 2W3 905-285-2050 / fax: 905-285-2055 www.na.heating.danfoss.com » heating controls » drives Follow danfoss envisioneering on twitter » twitter.com/danfossenvision keep up-to-date on the latest news about danfoss products and your industry at www.danfoss.us to find out more about danfoss north america, contact us via email: solutions@danfoss.com2011-07-13T21:34:18+02:00