http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/RSS.ashxDanfoss Drives PagesThu, 16 Jul 2009 12:20:37 +0200http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=1http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=1MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE Harmonics mitigation Requirements and Danfoss Drives’ solutions2009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=2http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=222009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=3http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=3Harmonic distortion – an ever increasing problem The mains voltage supplied by electricity utilities to homes, businesses and industry should be a uniform sinusoidal voltage with a constant amplitude and frequency. This ideal situation is no longer found in any power grid. This is mainly because consumers take non-sinusoidal current from the grid or have a nonlinear characteristic, e.g. strip lights, light dampers, energy-saving bulbs and frequency converters. Because of the constantly increasing use of non-linear loads, deviations become increasingly serious. Irregular power supplies influence the performance and operation of electrical equipment, so motors, frequency converters and transformers must be more highly rated to maintain proper operation. Source of interference e.g.: ■ Strip lights ■ Power converters ■ Frequency converters ■ Light dampers ■ Computers ■ Switch mode power supplies Interference sink e.g.: ■ Control systems ■ Power converters ■ Frequency converters ■ General radio receiving systems ■ Data transmission wires Interference Statutory basis of assessment The compatibility levels of the standards EN 50160/EN 61000 and, for industrial environments, EN 61000, apply within the scope of the EMC directives. It is assumed, in principle, that when these levels are observed, all devices and systems fulfil their specified functions without disruption in electrical supply networks How feedback occurs The distortion of the sinusoidal curve shape of the supply network as a result of the intermittent use of electricity by the consumers connected to it is called “network feedback”. Experts refer to the relative harmonic content of a network on the basis of Fourier analysis and calculate it to 2.5 kHz for 50 Hz, corresponding to the 50th harmonic oscillation. Relationship between compatibility, immunity and emission levels System disturbance level Equipment immunity level A satisfactory operating production system is obtained when each installed equipment has an immunity that’s higher than the total allowed grid distortion. For EN 61000-2-4 the immunity level is a minimum of 10% where as the planned highest distortion level is 5 or 8% depending on the installation. This leaves very few parts (red scattered) of the installation with temporary problems. Normal distribution of disturbance and immunity level 32009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=4http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=4Any periodic function can be described as the sum of a series of sine-wave functions (called a “Fourier transformation”) The figure shows the current drawn by a typical drive with dc coils. Underneath it is deconstructed into pure sinus curves. All but the blue curve represents distortion – unwanted and often harmful currents. Normally the voltage in supply grids is not ideally sinusoidal. A Fourier analysis is a decomposition of the non-sinusoidal current wave-form into the sum of sinusoidal signals with various frequencies and amplitudes. Harmonic current distortion is caused by the rectifier part of the variable speed drive, typically a 6-pulse diode rectifier. The harmonic currents can be described as reactive current adding to the active current. The amount of harmonic current distortion is often described as a percentage of the fundamental current also known as total harmonic current distortion (THiD). equipment has to be replaced more offen than otherwise. High harmonic content causes an overall lower efficiency, loads idle compensating systems and may even cause their destruction. Harmonic current distortion is increasing the root mean square current and if not taken into account can result in overheating of components such as the supply transformer or cables. Reducing feedback Feedback from electronic power control systems can be reduced. In Danfoss frequency converters*, it is as standard limited by built-in filter elements. If it is necessary to reduce the harmonic content in the mains network further, for example in the case of weak networks or emergency power operation, a network analysis can indicate appropriate measures, as described later in the brochure. (*Except VLT® Micro Drive) Measurements show clear distortion of the mains voltage as the reaction to nonlinear consumers. The first indication of harmonic distortion is „flat-topped“ voltage shape. Consequences Excessive distortion causes malfunctions. Most common is pre-aging of electronic control systems, computers and control devices. The most common effect is not noticeable immediately but will, over time, increase the system cost as 42009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=5http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=5Prevent harmonic distortion of mains voltage and current Harmonic reduction techniques To avoid potential problems or to comply with standards such as product standard EN 61000-3-12,system standard EN 61000-2-4 or recommendations such as IEEE 519-1992 or G5/4 several different harmonic reduction techniques for variable speed drives exist. The most common solutions are: ■ AC-coils ■ DC-coils ■ Multi-pulse (12- and 18-pulse) ■ Active filtering ■ Passive filtering DC as standard The VLT® HVAC Drive, AQUA Drive and AutomationDrive series have built-in chokes. This dramatically reduces network feedback and ensures the drives comply with the limits of EN 61000-3-12. With this robustly designed intermediate circuit, these drives series operate in a stable and highly dynamic manner even during voltage disruption and under poor mains conditions. AC-coils The most common and easiest harmonic reduction technique is probably the use of AC-coils in front of the drive. The AC-coils smoothes the line current drawn by the converter. Thereby, a significantly lower current distortion can be achieved compared to a basic frequency drive without coils. Similar effects can be obtained with DC-coils. Moreover, the DC-coils are, compared to AC-coils, smaller in size, have higher efficiency and no reduction of the DC-link voltage. Passive Harmonic filtration Many different passive harmonic filters exist. They are combinations of coils and capacitors tuned to the individual drive. The different passive filters are either tuned for individual harmonic cancellation or for reduction of a range of frequencies. Passive harmonic filters offer a practical solution to harmonic mitigation on power systems with a large concentration of non-linear loads Built-in intermediate circuit coils reduce low-frequency mains feedback and increase the life of the drive. connected to the same distribution transformer. Like multi-pulse drives, passive filters have a performance depending on the loading, and grid stability. The mitigation performance of VLT® Advanced Harmonic Filter AHF 010 or AHF 005 are comparable to 12- or 18-pulse solutions respectively but have a higher immunity against loads changes, voltage imbalance and/or voltage pre-distortion. Especially at currents lower than 300 – 400 A, the Danfoss AHF filter offers a low cost alternative to 12-and 18-pulse drives even with improved harmonic performance. Benefits for both AC and DC-coils ■ Standard and often build-in ■ RMS is dramatically reduced ■ Practicable/Easy ■ Cost included in drive DC benefits ■ Less frequency across coil giving lower losses then AC-coils (higher efficiency) ■ More stable DC-voltage – longer capacitor life (smaller DC-ripple) – More stable motor control ■ Smaller foot print 52009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=6http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=6Prevent harmonic distortion of mains voltage and current Multi-pulse 12- and 18-pulse rectifiers have for many years been considered the standard solution to reduce harmonic distortion from drives. In theory, the 5th and 7th harmonic currents (for 18-pulse also the 11th and 13th) are cancelled by phase shifting transformers and the use of two (or three) six-pulse diode rectifiers. However, a significant disadvantage of the multi-pulse harmonic reduction technique is the sensitivity to non-ideal supply voltage. Since some voltage imbalance or harmonic background distortion is always present, a complete cancellation of the 5th and 7th (11th and 13th) is never really achieved. Active filtering Active filters are very effective in reducing harmonic oscillations up to 2 kHz, and are used as an alternative to built-in DC or AC-coils or other passive filters. For active filtering as for Low Harmonic Drives and for Active Front End drives, consideration must be given to the effects above 2 kHz, generated by these units themselves. They make further measures necessary to keep the mains supply clean. Standard limits in this higher frequency range are still at the planning stage. The switching frequencies of active filters will cause a peak at the switching frequency of the filter itself. This is above the range of current norms, but higher order disturbance is of equal importance. Users should ask manufacturers specifically about emission values and counter-measures to secure the operational safety of their plant . Low Harmonic Drive Low harmonic drives are often Active front end drives where the diode rectifier of the drive is exchanged for a controlable IGBT module allowing energy to be injected back into the line. With active filtering the distortion is monitored and analysed. A corrective current is then injected in counter phase to eliminate the distortion. The Danfoss Low Harmonic Drive however is a combination of an Active Filter and a standard AC-drive. It is designed with the fewest possible components in the main current path. The active mitigation circuit is a parallel path that injects current in counter phase to the unwanted current components of the drive. With few components in the main current path, a high efficiency is achieved compared to other harmonic solutions. Although this solution, as AFE, also comes at a premium price, the return of investment is lower compared to traditional passive filters. Active filtration keeps harmonics disturbance low for the full load range. The Low Harmonic Drives still have the side effect of increased EMC disturbance like other active solutions. 62009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=7http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=7Harmonic Calculation Tool Simulate the harmonic disturbance with and without filter To avoid overloading and to secure mains voltage quality, a number of reduction, avoidance or compensation methods can be used with systems and devices producing harmonic currents. You can use the VLT® Harmonic Calculation Tool MCT 31 to include specific counter-measures in the planning stage and therefore ensure the quality of your system. The network feedback of electronic devices can be estimated to within 2.5 kHz, depending on the system configuration and standard limits. The analysis includes indication of norm compliance. Calculate the harmonic disturbance From www.danfoss.com you can download the free tool VLT® Harmonic Calculation MCT 31 – the most up-to-date version of the calculation software. The Windows-like interface guarantees intuitive operation of the software. The software is built with a focus on user-friendliness and limited to involve only system parameters that are normally accessible. The Danfoss VLT® frequency converters are already embedded and speed date entry. Convenient documentation All the data entered may be sorted, stored and recalled and the software documents all the projects calculated in a detailed, clear way at the push of a button. The results are shown in a table or bar chart for different measuring points within the configuration. The application indicates with warning signals where the limits are exceeded. In addition to the currents, the voltages of the harmonic oscillations are shown. The documentation is completed by a general overview including a circuit diagram indicating the desired standards. Mitigation Comparison (combination drive and filter) 100 100 96 92 88 84 80 80 60 40 20 A comparison between different harmonic mitigation principles shows that low harmonic distortion is followed by low energy efficiency – except for active filtering, where the efficiency is relatively good. 0 No filter AC coil Passive filter 12-Pulse filter 18-Pulse filter Active front-end Low Harmonic Drive | Energy efficiency (%) | Estimated THDi (%) 72009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=8http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=8Advanced Harmonic Filter The Danfoss AHF 005 and AHF 010 are advanced harmonic filters, not to be compared with traditional harmonic trap filters. The Danfoss harmonic filters have been specially designed to match the Danfoss frequency converters. By connecting the Danfoss harmonic filters AHF 005 or AHF 010 in front of a Danfoss frequency converter, the harmonic current distortion generated back to the mains is reduced to a minimum. Danfoss Advanced Harmonic Filters offer cost effective and very robust solutions specifically for the low power range. Product range Line Voltage ■ 380 – 415 V AC (50 and 60 Hz) ■ 440 – 480 V AC (60 Hz) ■ 500 – 525V (50 Hz) ■ 690 V (50 Hz) Filter current ■ 10 A – 390 A ■ (Modules can be paralleled for higher power) Enclosure degree ■ IP 20 Features User-friendly Small compact housing Easy to use in retrofit applications One filter module can be used for several frequency converters Complies with IEEE 519-1992 and stage 1 of EN 61000-3-12 Easy commissioning No routine maintenance required Efficient AHF 005 reduces the total harmonic current distortion to 5% at 100% load AHF 010 reduces the total harmonic current distortion to 10% at 100% load Low filter losses Benefits Fits into a panel High flexibility Lowers system cost Installation in harsh environments No adjustment necessary No running expenses Reduces transformer load Reduces transformer load High efficiency (> 0.98) Specifications Line voltage Frequency Overload current Efficiency True power factor Ambient temperature ± 10% +/- 5% 160% for 60 s 0.98 0.85 @ 50% load 0.99 @ 100% load 1.0 @ 150% load 5˚C – 40˚C without derating 82009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=9http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=9Current and Distortion Spectrum at Full Load Typical without filter Ordering numbers IAHF,N 10 A 19 A 26 A 35 A 43 A 72 A 101 A 144 A 180 A 217 A 289 A 324 A 370 A 434 A 578 A 613 A 380 V – 415 V (50 Hz) Typical motor AHF 005 used (kW) 4, 5.5 175G6600 7.5 175G6601 11 175G6602 15, 18.5 175G6603 22 175G6604 30, 37 175G6605 45, 55 175G6606 7.5 175G6607 90 175G6608 110 175G6609 132, 160 175G6610 175G6611 200 175G6688 250 2 x 175G6609 315 2 x 175G6610 350 175G6610 + 175G6611 380 V – 415 V (60 Hz) Typical motor AHF 005 used (Hp) 6 130B2540 10, 15 130B2460 20 130B2461 25, 30 130B2462 40 130B2463 50, 60 130B2464 75 130B2465 100 130B2466 125 130B2467 150 130B2468 200 130B2469 250 130B2470 300 130B2471 350 130B2468 + 130B2469 450 2 x 130B2469 500 2 x 130B2470 440 V – 480 V IAHF,N 19 A 26 A 35 A 43 A 72 A 101 A 144 A 180 A 217 A 289 A 324 A 370 A 506 A 578 A Typical motor used (HP) 10, 15 20 25, 30 40 50, 60 75 100, 125 150 200 250 300 350 450 500 Typical motor used (kW) 4, 5.5 7.5, 11 15, 18.5 22 30 37, 45 55, 75 90, 110 132 160 200 250 315 355 400 Typical motor used (kW) 37, 45 55, 75 90 110, 132 160 200 250 315 400 AHF 005 175G6612 175G6613 175G6614 175G6615 175G6616 175G6617 175G6618 175G6619 175G6620 175G6621 175G6689 175G6690 175G6620 + 175G6621 2 x 175G6621 500 V – 525 V IAHF,N AHF 005 175G6644 175G6645 175G6646 175G6647 175G6648 175G6649 175G6650 175G6651 175G6652 175G6653 175G6654 175G6655 2 x 175G6653 175G6652 + 175G6654 2 x 175G6654 690 V IAHF,N 43 A 72 A 101 A 144 A 180 A 217 A 289 A 324 A 370 A AHF 005 130B2328 130B2330 130B2331 130B2333 130B2334 130B2335 130B2331 + 130B2333 130B2333 + 130B2334 130B2334 + 130B2335 AHF 010 130B2293 130B2295 130B2296 130B2298 130B2299 130B2300 130B2301 130B2302 130B2304 AHF 010 175G6656 175G6657 175G6658 175G6659 175G6660 175G6661 175G6662 175G6663 175G6664 175G6665 175G6666 175G6667 2 x 175G6665 175G6664 + 175G6666 2 x 175G6666 AHF 010 175G6634 175G6635 175G6636 175G6637 175G6638 175G6639 175G6640 175G6641 175G6642 175G6643 175G6692 175G6693 175G6642 + 175G6643 2 x 175G6643 AHF 010 175G6622 175G6623 175G6624 175G6625 175G6626 175G6627 175G6628 175G6629 175G6630 175G6631 175G6632 175G6633 175G6691 2 x 175G6631 2 x 175G6632 175G6632 + 175G6633 Without filter IAHF,N 10 A 19 A 26 A 35 A 43 A 72 A 101 A 144 A 180 A 217 A 289 A 324 A 370 A 434 A 578 A 648 A AHF 010 130B2541 130B2472 130B2473 130B2474 130B2475 130B2476 130B2477 130B2478 130B2479 130B2480 130B2481 130B2482 130B2483 130B2480 + 130B2481 2 x 130B2481 2 x 130B2482 With AHF 010 With AHF 010 With AHF 005 10 A 19 A 26 A 35 A 43 A 72 A 101 A 144 A 180 A 217 A 289 A 324 A 434 A 469 A 578 A With AHF 005 92009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=10http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=10VLT® 12-pulse drives Reduced harmonics and increased network stability When reduced harmonics and increased network stability are desired for high power applications, the Danfoss VLT® 12-pulse drive offers an excellent solution. Two standard 6-pulse rectifiers are connected in parallel to a three-phase system, through a 30°-phase shifting transformer. By phase shifting the secondary windings, the sum of the secondary currents in the primary eliminates the 5th, 7th, 17th and 19th harmonics. This results in a THiD of approx.10 % compared with a THiD of 30% to 50% in a 6-pulse drive with coil mitigation. The Danfoss VLT® 12-pulse drive provides harmonic reduction without adding capacitive, inductive or resistive components which often require extensive network analysis to avoid potential system resonance problems. The VLT® 12-pulse is a high efficiency variable frequency converter which is built with the same modular design as the popular 6-pulse high power drives which provide exceptional flexibility, durability and reliability in demanding industry applications. ■ Power Range 250 kW – 1.4 MW Features Common control platform with smaller drives Proven power electronics Modular design Benefits Ease of use; once you know one drive, you know them all Reliable operation Components are accessible from the front for easy serviceability Quick and easy replacement Reduced maintenance requirements Longer drive lifetime Allows easy expansion Reduced EMI/RFI without need for external filters Reduced harmonics throughout the entire network. Low losses for high system efficiency Independent protection of inverters Protection against corrosive environments Reduced System Resonance Risk Reduced Erratic operation of installed equipment Reduced equipment malfunctions Voltage Range ■ 380 - 690 Volts Enclosure ■ IP 21/NEMA Type 1 ■ IP 54/NEMA Type 12 Drive Platform ■ VLT® HVAC Drive FC 102 ■ VLT® AQUA Drive FC 202 ■ VLT® AutomationDrive FC 302 The Perfect Solution for ■ Soft Power Grids ■ Reducing Network Harmonic Distortion ■ Generator Powered Installations ■ Step Down, Step Up Applications ■ Drives to be isolated from the grid Assists in Meeting Harmonic Standards ■ IEEE-519 1992 ■ EN 61000-2-4 ■ G5/4 Back-channel cooling Rittal TS8 enclosure systems in IP 21 (NEMA1) or IP 54 (NEMA 12) Class A1 RFI filter DC-link reactors DC-link fuses Coated PCB board Reduced Harmonic Impact 102009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=11http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=11400 V AC Normal Overload Amps kW 600 315 648 355 745 400 800 450 880 500 990 560 1120 630 1260 710 1460 800 1720 1000 High Overload Amps kW 480 250 600 315 658 355 695 400 800 450 880 500 990 560 1120 630 120 710 140 800 460 V Normal Overload Amps HP 540 450 590 500 678 550 730 600 780 650 890 750 1050 900 1160 1000 1380 1200 1530 1350 High Overload Amps HP 443 350 540 450 590 500 678 550 730 600 780 650 890 750 100 900 110 1000 1380 1200 575 V Normal Overload Amps HP 540 450 590 500 678 550 730 600 780 650 890 750 1050 900 1160 1000 1380 1200 1530 1350 High Overload Amps HP 443 350 540 450 590 500 678 550 730 600 780 650 890 750 100 900 110 1000 1380 1200 690 V Normal Overload Amps kW 450 400 500 500 570 560 630 630 730 710 850 800 945 900 1060 1000 1260 1200 1415 1400 High Overload Amps kW 380 355 410 400 500 500 570 560 630 630 730 710 850 800 945 900 110 1000 120 1200 Frame Frame Frame Frame Specifications Control and convenience options F0 24 VDC regulated power supply 30A fuse protected circuit Manual motor starters NAMUR terminals For providing motor insulation protection correction with options to program the task priorities (LC filters): reduce motor noise Door interlocks Cabinet lights and Convenience power outlets Space heaters and thermostat Plug-and-play cards facilitate drive upgrades, start-up and servicing RCD (Residual Current Devices) IRM (Insulation Resistance Monitor) Motor temperature monitoring Class A2 RFI Disconnect (mains switch) (6) AC Semi-Conductor Fuses dU/dt filters Sine filters F5 Enclosure options F6 Modular application options Monitoring options Power options F0 F5 F6 F0 F5 F6 F0 F5 Back-channel cooling Our unique design uses a ducted back channel to pass cooling air over the heat sinks with minimal air passing through the electronics area. This allows 85% of the heat losses to be exhausted directly outside of the enclosure, improving reliability and prolonging life by dramatically reducing temperature rise and contamination of the electronic components. There is an IP 54 seal between the back channel cooling duct and the electronics area of the VLT® Low Harmonic Drive. F6 Cabinet Sizes [mm] Frame F0 F5 F6 Depth 2280 Width 800 1600 2000 Height 607 112009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=12http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=12VLT® Low Harmonic Drive VLT® AQUA Drive, VLT® AutomationDrive and VLT® HVAC Drive are available in low harmonic versions VLT® Low Harmonic Drives are motor friendly, with output impulse & shaft voltages compatible with motors conforming to IEC 60034-17/25 & NEMA-MG1-1998 part 31.4.4.2), as per standard VLT® Drives. The VLT® Low Harmonic Drive has the same modular build-up as our standard high power drives and shares similar features: high energy efficiency, back-channel cooling and user-friendly operation. The VLT® Low Harmonic Drive meets the toughest harmonic recommendations and gives the user full readout of the unit performance towards the grid, including graphical overview of grid behavior. Where the performance of other low harmonic technologies depends on the stability of the grid and load or affect the controlled motor, the new Danfoss VLT® Low Harmonic Drives continuously regulate the network and load conditions without affecting the connected motor. The perfect solution for Meeting the toughest harmonics recommendation/standards ■ Generator-powered installations ■ Installation with generator backup ■ Soft power grids ■ Installation of drives in grids with limited excess power capacity ■ Features Energy saving Energy saving functions (e.g., sleep mode, standby mode). Variable switching frequency for lower switching losses High product efficiency network changes Reduced harmonics Back-channel cooling (85% heat dissipated via back channel) Unequalled robustness Robust enclosure Unique cooling concept with no ambient airflow over electronics Coated PCBs 100% factory test Highest possible harmonic mitigation Maximum 5% THiD Benefits Lower operating costs Saves energy Improved power factor/reduced load on supply network Lower transformer, switchgear and cable losses Less control room cooling Less fan power consumption Maximum up time Maintenance free Problem-free operation in harsh environment Problem-free operation in harsh environment Problem-free operation Save initial and operation cost Meeting toughest harmonics recommendation/standards Optimized transformer/generator grid capacity, more drives on same transformer Energy optimization Low investment Low initial investment with maximum flexibility and possibility of future upgrades Reduced cost for wiring and external I/O controller Meets EN 55011 (A1 optional, A2 standard) Save commissioning and operation cost Effective commissioning and operation Reduced test effort Reduced test effort Voltage range ■ 380 – 480 V AC 50 – 60 Hz Power Range 132 – 630 kW High Overload/ 160 – 710 kW Normal Overload (Matching drive frames D, E and F) Enclosure degree ■ IP 21 / NEMA 1, IP 54 Hybrid Robust against voltage imbalance and grid predistortion Dynamic regulation to load changes All built-in Modular concept and a wide range of options Decentral I/O control via serial communication Integrated EMC RFI filters User friendly Award-winning graphical display, 27 languages Full overview of grid condition Timely tracking of grid conditions 122009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=13http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=13PC software MCT 10 Ideal for commissioning, servicing, monitoring and performance logging. RoHS compliant VLT® Low Harmonic Drives are manufactured with respect for the environment and comply with the RoHS directive. Specifications Harmonic mitigation performance True power factor Displacement factor < 5% THD Meet individual harmonic levels of IEEE 519 for ISC/IL>20 Meeting EN/IEC61000-3-4/IEC61000-3-12 > 0.98 > 0.98 Commissioning tool function Configuration and installation settings function User settings and information function Control panel function Data logger and event log function Network monitoring and measurement function Filter load and status function Software update function UL-file. CE marking, cULus (UL508C) and c-tick (AS/NZS 2064) IEEE519 / EN 61000-3-xx harmonic mitigation guidelines IEEE587/ANSI C62.41/ EN61000-4-5 surge immunity EN 55011 electromagnetic compatibility EN 50178, EN 60146 safety/design -10° C to +45° C, up to 3280 feet above sea level, with relative humidity of 5% – 85% RH, class 3K3 (functions to be maintained up to 95% RH not condensing) Optional Class A2 RFI; Class A1 RFI optional Air cooled with primary cooling through back-channel PC software & user interface Options ■ ■ dU/dt filters: Protect motor insulation Sine filters (LC filters): Reduce motor noise LCP Regulation Ambient temperature Power fuses RFI filtering Cooling Back-channel cooling Our unique design uses a ducted back channel to pass cooling air over the heat sinks with minimal air passing through the electronics area. This allows 85% of the heat losses to be exhausted directly outside of the enclosure, improving reliability and prolonging life by dramatically reducing temperature rise and contamination of the electronic components. There is an IP 54 seal between the back channel cooling duct and the electronics area of the VLT® Low Harmonic Drive. F E D 400 VAC (380 – 480 VAC) Normal Overload Power kW 160 200 250 315 355 400 450 500 560 630 710 Current [A] 315 395 480 600 658 745 800 880 990 1120 1260 High Overload Power kW 132 160 200 250 315 355 400 450 500 560 630 Current [A] 260 315 395 480 600 658 695 800 880 990 1120 F 2200 x 3700 x 600 E 2000 x 1440 x 500 D 1740 x 1260 x 380 Frame Dimensions HxWxD IP 21 [mm] Weight kg 380 380 406 596 623 646 646 2009 2009 2009 2009 132009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=14http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=14VLT® Advanced Active Filter AAF 005 Danfoss Advanced Active Filters eliminate harmonic distortion from non-linear loads and improve system power factor. Proven VLT® power electronics reestablish optimal sinusoidal power and unity power factor by generating and injecting counter phased harmonic and reactive currents. The modular construction offers the same characteristics as our High Power VLT® family, including high energy efficiency, user-friendly operation, back channel cooling and high enclosure grades. Danfoss Advanced Active Filters can compensate for individual VLT® drives as a compact integrated solution or can be installed as a compact standalone solution at a common point of coupling, compensating for several loads simultaneously. Danfoss Active Filters can operate at medium voltage level by means of step-down transformer. The perfect solution for ■ Restoring weak networks ■ Increasing network capacity ■ Increasing generator power ■ Meeting compact retrofit demands ■ Securing sensitive environments ■ Utilising energy savings Voltage range ■ 380 – 480 V AC 50 – 60 Hz Power Range 190 A, 250 A, 310 A, 400 A, 500 A. Up to 4 units can be paralleled for higher power. Enclosure degree ■ IP 21, IP 54 Hybrid Features Energy saving Power factor correction and control priority dedication Automatically adapts to network changes Reduced harmonics Back-channel cooling (85% heat dissipated via back channel) Reliable Continues operation if overloaded High robustness against background distortion and voltage imbalance Self protection features Optional, mains disconnect switch and fuses Back-channel cooling Coated PCB board Retrofit without dismounting existing equipment User friendly Standard award-winning control panel (LCP) Same compact wall mount cabinet as drive Modular design High component commonality with our drives Automatic current sensor adaptation Complies with VLT® software Benefits Lower operating costs Saves energy Increased transformer efficiency Reduced cable losses Less control room cooling Less fan power consumption Maximum up time More up-time No need of external switches Lower panel temperature Longer lifetime Increased resistance against dust Saves time and cost Save initial and operation cost Effective commissioning and operation Well known and easy installation in small installation spaces Enables fast installation Fast and easy service Less commissioning effort Save commissioning time Enables analysis support 142009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=15http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=15PC software MCT 10 Ideal for commissioning, servicing, monitoring and performance logging. RoHS compliant The VLT® Active Filter is manufactured with respect to the environment, and it complies with the RoHS directive. Specifications CT requirements Operation modes Harmonic mitigation performance Harmonics Control Compatibility Three standard current transformers (CT’s), connected during installation at phases L1, L2 and L3 Mode 1: Harmonic mitigation Mode 2: Harmonic mitigation and power factor correction with options to program the task priorities < 5% THD of the rated non-linear load current at the PCC Individual harmonic control of odd harmonic 5th to 25th excl. tripplens. Full compensation of all harmonics 2nd to 25th and power factor correction. Equipment is compatible for field installation with existing active filters Commissioning tool function Configuration and installation settings function. User settings and information function. Control panel function. Data logger and event log function. Network monitoring and measurements function. Filter load and status function. Software update function. UL-file. CE marking, cULus (UL508C) and c-tick (AS/NZS 2064). IEEE519 / EN61000-3-xx Harmonic Mitigation Guidelines IEEE587/ANSI C62.41/ EN61000-4-5 Surge Immunity EN55011 Electromagnetic compatibility EN50178, EN60146 Safety/Design -10°C to +45° C, up to 1000 metres above sea level, with relative humidity of 5% - 85% RH, class 3K3 (functions to be maintained up to 95% RH not condensing) Optional Class A2 RFI; Class A1 RFI optional Air cooled with primary cooling through back channel Rated secondary current 1 A and 5 A Rated apparent power > 5 VA Accuracy class 0.5 or better PC Software & user interface LCP Regulation Ambient temperature Power fuses RFI filtering Cooling Standard Current Transducer Grid M M Group compensation Retrofit @ 400 V @ 600 V @ 400 V Peak current [A] @ 600 V Enclosure size H x W x D [mm] RMS overload [%] Nominal current [A] 190 250 310 400 500 140 190 230 300 365 475 625 775 1000 1250 375 500 625 800 1000 1540 x 840 x 373 2000 x 840 x 494 2300 x 1700 x 600 120%, 60 seconds in 10 min. 152009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=16http://danfoss.ipapercms.dk/Drives/DD/UK/General/HarmonicMitigation/?Page=16What VLT® is all about Danfoss Drives is the world leader among dedicated drives providers – and still gaining market share. Dedicated to drives Dedication has been a key word since 1968, when Danfoss introduced the world’s first mass produced variable speed drive for AC motors – and named it VLT®. Twenty five hundred employees develop, manufacture, sell and service drives and soft starters in more than one hundred countries, focused only on drives and soft starters. Intelligent and innovative Developers at Danfoss Drives have fully adopted modular principles in development as well as design, production and configuration. Tomorrow’s features are developed in parallel using dedicated technology platforms. This allows the development of all elements to take place in parallel, at the same time reducing time to market and ensuring that customers always enjoy the benefits of the latest features. Rely on the experts We take responsibility for every element of our products. The fact that we develop and produce our own features, hardware, software, power modules, printed circuit boards, and accessories is your guarantee of reliable products. Local backup – globally VLT® motor controllers are operating in applications all over the world and Danfoss Drives’ experts located in more than 100 countries are ready to support our customers with application advice and service wherever they may be. Danfoss Drives experts don’t stop until the customer’s drive challenges are solved. Environmentally responsible VLT® products are manufactured with respect for the safety and well-being of people and the environment. All activities are planned and performed taking into account the individual employee, the work environment and the external environment. Production takes place with a minimum of noise, smoke or other pollution and environmentally safe disposal of the products is pre-prepared. UN Global Compact Danfoss has signed the UN Global Compact on social and environmental responsibility and our companies act responsibly towards local societies. EU Directives All factories are certified according to ISO 14001 standard. All products fulfil the EU Directives for General Product Safety and the Machinery directive. Danfoss Drives is, in all product series, implementing the EU Directive concerning Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electrical Equipment (RoHS) and is designing all new product series according to the EU Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Impact on energy savings One year’s energy savings from our annual production of VLT® drives will save the energy equivalent to the energy production from a major power plant. Better process control at the same time improves product quality and reduces waste and wear on equipment. DKDD.PB.41.A1.02 VLT® is a trademark of Danfoss A/S Produced by SMCC/AO 2009.072009-07-16T12:20:37+02:00